Workers Press no. 200

workers press of the The daily organ Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 200 • THURSDAY JULY 2, 1970 PRICE 6d. U.S.-backed From Ulster to the N.E. coast Union leaders hold the door open looters rule CS riot gas in

ULSTER

TORIES

Cambodian

MOVE

capital TO South Shields

ARMY

IN A LAST report before his expulsion. from

RULE

Phnom Penh by the Lon Nol regime, the Cam- bodian correspondent of the Belgrade newspaper 'Tanyang' has given a vivid description of the besieged capital:

BY JOHN SPENCER

The streets look like front sembie foreign legion camps provocative

ANUTHAK

STOCKPILES OF the anti-personnel gas CS are Orange Order parade was Patrols fences being maintained by the due lory government in march through Belfast yesterday potential riot areas in England.

after- and immedia cruat noon as Tory Home Secre- One such area is South Shields, Co Durham, tary Reginald Maudling where high unemployment and lack of youth Lucas returned to London from Phnom facilities sparked off fighting between police his 48-hour "fact-finding' and youth last year. da Passers-by mission. bery carried lay-offs On Tuesday night, canisters of CS gas, which could pleasure only dave come wrom omelal stocksues, were expodec World T in the men's lavatory of a local public house. Twelve an on that reporters fail to peo Die were taken to nospital sumering trom toe The smares rahing- effects of exposure to the CS fumes.

from Mere Catholic atre CS gas has been widely used in Vietnam and N tors- Priya believed to have e Ireland. •It is officially described as a 'non-toxic awar minister scare irritant', though its use has caused a number of well-

ISOLATION

n the future take n attested deaths in Vietnam did during

POLICE

prestigationd i strikers Blaringly in the merel of its troops: known to surfaces has calanted

BY A WORKERS PRESS

one ridicule Oppressed cathole minor

REPORTER

drey, claiming that it Foreign Office Brate to the King, Second liberation admit that th MORE PLEAS for a return ing men Split threat emerges as scuffle over to work will be neara trom union Docks strike under military prote Hospital ofcials front in Oman morrow's mass meeting of S African right-wing Stor one striking die-casters and One juardia plastics workers from deadline nears AT A PRESS conference in Beirut earlier this week the arms deal tmospher sains on the lies to i Scoops had Lucas's Formans Road fac- formation of a second liberation tront in the Sultanate calling tory in Birmingham. of Muscat and Oman was announced.

by Saigo pens of martial A MAJOR threat to dockers' unity in support of A scuffle broke out yes- robbery in Matt in hampossible to tel terday Africa the £20 minimum pay claim emerged from the when

BY A WORKERS PRESS

Tonia lates. are to be and count the Gene- Transport and rorelen Vinister Dr Hn-

REPORICH

gard Muller entered the noping and waiting uad from Catte Norkers Union

BY DAVID MAUDE

It is up to the British labour arrived in Camp, ral And Foreign Office in London.

fighting for an end S role as they they re yesterday, just ten days the union would imple- before the scheduled demonstrations the second-phase national strike. onunues to runcuon, busine.

Sentences modernization and productivity scneme on seas opposite numbers. Monday despite the pro- tormont has already take Al Fatah and or Made Docks official Peter Shea Comprehensives contentions et. told London docks shop blanke Spes al Porers stewards yesterday unl which axed-warning yesterday: Talks refused

US MINERS

they yesterd 10.00 workers trom the six

OUT

wad taste. This could ber that of more cuts

ON SAFETY

petite same en deared the bakery on i The cam from the Rey

MEASURES

vad all the TORY BAUKWUUDSMEN nave certainly wasted no Standard issue time in the first few days of the Heath government.

15,000 US coal miners are or not have to loSe wary The strikers are demandins strike in protest against de- strengthen the British militans offending fear may Doug

BY PTER REAL

Воли уста. micre changes in weei lays enforcing the latest

FIREMEN

spEaking for the ministration Mines Safety Act sue to all police fore waich be. came partly effective in April mom poles, has strongly urge

PAID TOO

this year. the Tories have mood swifts But with their rate of intro

MUCH'

on secondary education.

STEEL

probably in anticipation thou tse customary bon the Eating shor return to power

STRIKE

a round of meane thro via before the comprehensive at the Tore Dise ernment safety regulations.

Thatche

OFFICIAL

About which stee ,100 fortnight-old promises tomorrow. congrest no ding on. ricians Opportunism " the the do on the noce previous reorganization

'BIG FOUR' CAR

a three the mar on i Department ore employment Siding plans too with the development of comprehensive education.

TALKS IN LONDON

Malaya massacre probe

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

General atom nes and the empro these Thatcheatried to justify and executives of the BOTH the Lucas strike AN INVESTIGATION into is dropped mass chinese chiefs also we 'big four' car manufac- British - Leyland's Stomont and outlawin incite- Malayan village in 1948 has plans for a joint combine turers. strike, greed eter Rawlinson the communists in imp mene in the first days Himon corday Genera seen dropped. industrial relations coun attending allegations appeare Wolf's cil were believed to be Workers Moss Evans, high on the agenda at Catho yesterdays separate meetings of top motor One me intelle venthe Batest officials maustry overnight.

• PAGE FOUR COL. 5 -

workers press The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY

NUMBER 200 • THURSDAY JULY 2, 1970

PRICE 6d. From Ulster to the N.E. coast U.S.-backed Union leaders hold the door open looters rule CS riot gas in

ULSTER

TORIES

Cambodian

MOVE

capital TO South Shields

ARMY

IN A LAST report before his expulsion. from

RULE

Phnom Penh by the Lon Nol regime, the Cam- bodian correspondent of the Belgrade newspaper "Tanyang' has given a vivid description of the

BY JOHN SPENCER

Desere cola

ANOTHER

dison camps. provocative legion TOCKPILES OF the anti-personnel gas CS are Orange Order parade was Patrols ana being maintained by the due to march through lory government in Belfast potential riot areas in England.

yesterday after- Kimber imbedia Career noon as Tory Home Secre- One such area is South Shields, Co Durham, tary Reginald Maudling where high unemployment and lack of youth that the tiPhno Lucas sue has come ..! returned to London from facilities sparked off fighting between police 'fact-finding' 48-hou and youth last year. he arts of rob mission. lay-offs withardened On Tuesday night, canisters of CS gas, which could only have come from official stockpiles, were exploded Saigone world TV into In the men's lavatory ol a local public house. I welve reporters. people were taken to hospital suffering from the fail to om the st efiects of exposure to the CS fumes.

CS gas has been widely used in Vietnam and N lorries. Ireland. It is officially described as a 'non-toxic scare Stoat the amini tens irritant', though its use has caused a number of well-

ISOLATION

take much firmer attested deaths in Vietnam.

last week's, riot strikers Recent experiments with the st-blaringly in the-morale showed that it pro- large blisters duced known to ha calanted drawins from display o Saigon omcers ng to hom he oppressed Catholic mino

REPORTER

Foreign Office Second liberation Split threat emerges as MURE FLEAs for a return to work will be heard from scuffle over union officials Docks strike Hospital front in Oman it of tom morrow's mass meeting of S African and Tuesday's inci- striking die-casters possible only right-wing police firemen plastics workers from deadline nears AT A PRESS conference in Beirut earlier this week the arms deal Lucas's Formans Road fac formation of a second liberation front in the Sultanate tory in Birmingham. colai gorpen Ol Muscat and Uman was announced.

A scuffle broke out yes- A MAJOR threat to dockers' unity in support of neutralize the canisters.

troops he pace, what wil is impossible to tell the £20 minimum pay claim emerged from the when Africa 13800

BY A WORKERS PRESS

terday Clothes are to be Foreign Minister Dr Hil-

REPORTER

and Mutier Ke decca amy bomb disposal ays, and Gene- 1 ransport oping ana waiting

BY DAVID MAUDE

gard ral Workers Union entered the ationa southen amber Diatong Bai e hilary Foreign Office in London.

in talks bay the union ycotcluay. usu len days would imple- a clique before scheduled ment second-phase agents, eves in london. • Hotel® national strike. Sentences Nook modenwaron scheme onl seas opposite numbers. Monday 'despite the pro- art of the Docks official Peter Shea remand so breast anti-Apar Comprehensives theid hotel had told London docks shop evacuated because of the blems. The 'problems' include lack their remained said of taster i Superintendent Rober stewards yesterday that and tet the the 'Blue' Israel's which axed-warning sive motor industry lay-offs.

nearer i Minister, also teres Talks refused

US MINERS

OUT

of more cuts docks group last mightcoming years • the issues inessed

ON SAFETY

clearer ame from the Rev • the or ment

MEASURES

call TORY BACKWOODSMEN have certainly wasted no Standard issue embarro, time in the first few days of the Heath government.

15,000 US coal miners are on to the Vorster regime

BY PETER READ

Strike in protest arainst de- the with changes lays in enforcing the latest

FIREMEN

Mines Safety which be. isSCS came partly effective in Apri January this sema

'PAID TOO

red by this year. Home Secretary

MUCH'

But with their rate or intr pplauded by the rately on secondary education. ductior

STEEL

Devlin, most probably and-order brigade are back

IN A

would haveet

STRIKE

There can be no doubt afte ervices in England and Wale system became uneral sive

OFFICIAL

das paras in the coming years. Comic pians o dictatorshives towards military Under Mrs Thatcher's Cir- 2,100 engine-old Opportunism comprehensive lines. tion authorities maation

'BIG FOUR' CAR

develtionent of comprehensive

TALKS IN LONDON

Malaya massacre probe

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

and executives of the is dropped BOTH the Lucas strike AN INVESTIGATION Int 'big four' car manufac- bowing so loca British - Leyland's and wishes' emple and turers. plans for a joint combine Sir Peter Rawlinson, t the communists in basis Heath government, y industrial relations coun- 1 Danded The appeared • on the du ives red ford cil were believed to be the matter to the DPP high on the agenda al "Soland all a Four yesterday's separale Wing ear concein of Vehicle Builders meetings of top prisoner heinry potorney-Gen- union officials industry

PAGE TWO

DATELINE: ULSTER

2

NO SMOKING

D 3 The member for N Antrim speaks: Paisleyite Lambeg drummer at Protestant Unionist election meeting 5.

Paisley's ultra-Unionist policies maintain the split in the working class and keep many Protestant workers tied to Toryism. However, workers in the Belfast shipyards are organized in powerful trade unions, posing an immense problem for the employers and the Ulster tories. Ine shipyard worker shown nere/ Is operating an automatic welding machine. Behind the Unionist Party stands the Orange Order, shown on a recent provocative march & Another prop of the Unionist regime is the Ulster Defence Regiment,8 which contains many former members of the infamous Ulster Special Constabulary (the B Specials).

Another Shipyard worker--a welder-Is shown below y Ine main shipyard in Beltast recenty announced a loss of more than £3 million for the last financial year, threatening the jobs of many workers in the yards.

WORKERS PRESS

Thursday July 2, 1970 RAF helicoptèrs fly British troops into Belfast during a practice airlift 1 before last weekend's street fight- ing. The soldiers, Royal Marines from the Ballykindler Camp, were on their way to reinforce units occupying the centre of Belfast. One of the most heavily-guarded areas of the city, scene of much of the fighting last weekend, is the Crumlin Road. The main industry in this part of Belfast is linen, an industry which employs a high proportion of women workers 2. Working conditions in the linen mills are noisy, hot and cramped, 4 and wages extremely low. But while the linen bosses sweat profit out of women workers on the Crumlin Road, the ladies of the Belfast middle class busy themselves with genteel Presbyterian rituals. Our photo 3 shows the 'offering' (collection) being paraded at a recent meeting of the Presbyterian Women's Assembly in Belfast.

1 5 9

Thursday July 2, 1970

INTERNATIONAL

wide

BY JOHN SIMMANCE

FOR four weeks during June the Young Socialists recruit- ment team, led by National Secretary John Simmance, worked its way across from Merseyside to Leeds in a 'build the YS' campaign. Taking place as it did in the middle of the general election period the campaign generated a wealth of dis- discussion amongst young workers, and youth at college and school. Starting in Merseyside with a campaign in Liverpool and Birkenhead the team found that the vast majority of the young people were opposed to the Tories.

Factory-gate meetings were held in Merseyside such as Cammell Laird's and Plessey's.

In all the areas they visited the team built new YS branches and established a very wide field of contact with many different groups of youth from factories, colleges and soheoteik..y.: In Liverpool and Sheffield two very lively Saturday afternoon demonstrations were held calling for a Labour victory and a fight for socialist policies to meet the crisis.

In his article below National Secretary John Simmance sums up the experiences from the campaign.

TV

BBC 1

10.30-10.45 a.m. Watch with mother. 10.55-11.50 State opening of Parliament. 12.55 p.m. Bric a brac. 1.30 News 1.38 and weather. Wimbledon 1970. 4.40 Jackanory. 4.55 Blue Peter. 5.20 'The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes'. Film. 5.35 The Freezee Yum story. 5.44 Hector's house. 5.50 News and weather.

6.00

LONDON.

6.15 WIMBLEDON 1970.

7.40

THE DOCTORS.

8.00 THE EXPERT. 'The Visitor' part two.

NEWS and weather. 8.50 9.10 DICK EMERY'S GRAND PRIX. With special guest Graham Hill.

10.00 STATE OPENING OF PARLIAMENT. Highlights.

10.30 24 HOURS. 11.05 Weather.

11.07 DECIMAL SHOP. Preparing for decimal currency.

REGIONAL BBC

All regions as BBC 1 except: Wales today, weather. 7.40-8.00 Heddiw. Miahdds ond E Anglia: 6.00-6.15 Mid.

East, land New, today. weather. 37 News weath. weather. Ireland: 6.00-6.15 weather. News, weather. North, England:, 6.00-6.15 weather. News, weather.

WOLKS ICOORL.

South and West: 6.00-6.15 Points West. Wales: 12 noon-1.30 Cricket. Glamor South-West, 6.00-6.15 News, hall weatner. weather.

BBC 2

11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL. 4.30 p.m. WIMBLEDON 1970.

7.30 NEWS and weather.

8.00 NOT A WORD.

8.30

THE MONEY PROGRAMME.

9.10 W.

SOMERSET

MAUGHAM.

"The Allen Corn'. With Max Adrian, Patience Collier, Stephen Sheppard, Sydney Tafler and Faith Brook,

10.00 MATCH OF THE DAY.

10.50 NEWS and weather. 10.55 LINE-UP.

ITV

2.25 p.m. In search of St Paul. 2.50 Golf. 3.50 Mad movies. 4.17 Origami. 4.30 Crossroads. 4.55 Flipper.

5.20 Magpie. 5.50 News 6.03 'APPLAUSE! APPLAUSE!' Part 2 of the programme about Sid Field. 6.30

PEYTON PLACE.

7.00 NEVER MIND THE QUALITY, FEEL THE WIDTH. 'Without Pre- Judice'. 7.30 ACTION FILM. 'Kim'. With Errol Flynn and Dean Stockwell.

Adventure story set in India in 1885.

9.30

THIS WEEK. 10.30 CINEMA.

11.00 MUSIC HALL. Tony Sandler, Ralph Young, Judy Carne, Norman Wisdom, ( Sid Caesar. Lee Delano, Jack Haig, Sheila Burnette, Valerie Van Ost and Jack Parnell and his Orchestra.

12 midnight TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE.

David Kossoff talks about Professor William Barclay.

REGIONAL ITV

4.02 Pa 4.25 birthdas Brad. The Sellars Walter Fitz- greetings. 4.11 Origami. Wendy gerald. the - Tives of 4.55 King Kone. 5.20 Lon- company 6.10 eople skill of a teste freighter Cheaters. 7.00 Film: on test pilot. With Michael the the Withers. 9.30 Lon- Strange report. feel 10.30 the quad News. Court martial. 11.50 11.40 Weather. Action Weather.

HARLECH.

3.10-4.10 Showjumping. As 4.00 125 Women 4.40 Hubble News 4.02 Gus one buz. Diary Fores 5.20 es. 6.3; 12.01 weather 01 Report. ros With

SOUTHERN:

4.15 Fe story: 9.00 Houseparty Reynolds. London 4.55 Lon- LOve STOrY. feel the Day 1112 111 With Hawkins, The ion Manion weather sky'.

THERE IS A ROAD

from Manchester to Sheffield which crosses the Pennines; they call it the 'Snake'. As you enter Sheflield from the 'Snake' you see the massive steel works on one side and on the other the power station and the en- gineering factories. This is Sheffield, the heart of the British steel industry which for generations - from the industrial revolution almost - has employed family after family. We, that is the Young Socialists recruitment team, arrived in Sheffield from a suc- cessful one-week campaign in Merseyside.

PLAN

We drafted a plan of work with the local YS members for the following week in the same way that we had done in Liverpool. As Londoners one thing struck us very forcibly. Here was intense exploitation on a massive scale. The average wage of a young person is be- tween f4 and f7. In a clothing factory visited by the team young girls told us they worked in conditions of 90 degrees in the summer for a miserly £7 a week. During the day the thous- ands of youth employed in IN STUDYING living things one can trace both continuity and change. At each stage in the 'his- tory' of living systems; addi-, tions or subtractions of bio- chemical systems and even whole organs lead to a quali- tative change in their nature but, at the same time, there is a continuity. HTV (West) colour channel 61 as above except: 4.23-4.25, 6.01-6.35 Scene West.

HTV (Wales) colour channel 41 as above except: 5.20-5.50 a lei. ins 11.00 Y dydd. 11.30 Hyd a lled. Midnight weather. HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 5.20-5.50 Tins a lei. 6.01 Y dydd. 6.30- 6.35 Report-Wales. ANGLIA: 3.10-4.10 Showjumping.

4.30 Newsroom. 4.40 Plupp. Flipper 4.50 5.15 London. 6.00 About Anglia.

6.20 Arena. ( 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 "Three Violent People'. With Charlton Heston, Anne Baxter, Gilbert Roland and Tom Tryon. A rancher sets out to fight a mind the quality, feel the width. 2.30 carpetbaggers 9.00 Never London. Thoroughbred. National Stud Newmarket. 11.05 at Cinema. 11.35 Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS: 4.02 Women today.

4.10 Peyton Place. 4.40 Enchanted house. 4. today: 8.35 Crossroads.

5.15 London.

6.00 ATV

today. 7.00 Movie: "Knights of the Round Table'.

With Robert Taylor, Ava Gardner, Mel Ferrer Based on Malory's Crawford and Stan- Anne ley Baker. "Mort d' Arthur'. 9.00 Never mind the quality feel the width. 9.30 London. 11.00 Prisoner. 11.56 Pulse, weather.

ULSTER:

4.30 Romper room. 4.50 News. 4.55 Floris. 5.20 London. 6.00 News. 6.05 Family affair. 6.35 Cross- roads. 7.00 Cartoon treat. 7.10 Branded. 7.40 Name of the game. 9.00 Never mind the quality, teel the width. 9.30 London. 11.00 Avengers.

YORKSHIRE: 3.10 Show jumping. 4.10 Origami. 4.25 Matinee. 4.50 Phoenix five. 5.20 London. 6.00 Calendar, weather. 6.30 Champions. 7.30 Dr in the house. 8.00 Mannix, 9.00 Never mind the quality, feel the width. 9.30 London. 11.00 Avengers. 11.55 Weather. GRANADA: 4.10 News. Short story. 4.40. Enchanted house. 4.55 Forest rangers. 5.15 London. 6.00 Newsview. 6.05 Take me to your leaders. 6.30 Champions. 7.25 Laughtermakers: "It's Only With Money'. Jerry Lewis and Zachary Scott. The heir to a fortune delivers himself the of into hands his would-be killers. 9.00 Never mind the quality, feel the width. 10.00 Lon- don. 11.00 Invaders.

TYNE TEES:

3.10 Showjumping. 4.11 Newsroom. 4.13 Hatty town. 4.25 Forest rangers. 4.55 Floris.

5.20 Lon- don. 6.00 Today at six 6.30 Pinerial 6.35e. 8.00 Invaders: 9.00 Never mind wild. Love American style. the qualito University challenge. 11.30 the width. 9.30 Lon- 11.00 News. 11.42 Epilogue. BORDER: 4.00 News. 4.02 Housepare o the 4.15 Nanny and professor. 4.55 Forest Enchanted house. rangers. 5.15 London. 6.00 News. Lookaround 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 Wheel of fortune.

7.30 Dr in the house. 8.00 Baron. 9.00 Never mind the quality, feel the width. 9.30 London. 11.00 Seaway. 11.55 News, weather. SCOTTISH: 4.20 Scotland early. 4.30 London. 4.55 Forest rangers. 5.15 Lon- 6.00 Scotland now. 6.30 High don. living Clark Gable, Deborah Kerr, 7.00 Film: "The Hucksters'. With Sid- Greenstreet ney Gardner. 9.00 Never mind the quality, feel the width. 9.30 London. 11.00 Seaway. 11.55 Late call. GRAMPIAN: 4.25 Freud on food. 4.55 Mad movies. 5.20 London. 6.00 News. 6.10 Beverly hillbillies. 6.35 Cross- roads. 6.55 Movie: "Easy to Wed'. 9.00 Never mind the quality, feel the 9.30 width. London. 11.00 Inside George Webley.

WORKERS PRESS

Sheffield's factories have bad working conditions and low wages imposed by the grasping steel monopolies to battle with during the evening it is the there is a police for whom very real hatred. With little to do and no money the youth are the prey of. vulture-like lawmen who hover ready for the excuse to move a group on. In one week we were able to get a pretty good picture.

*In a clothing factory visited conditions of 90 degrees in 1 From a SPECIAL COR • For example, in the evolution of amphibians such as newts and frogs from fish, one can see that " the "development of • legs and lungs in particular led to a new mode of terrestrial life.

Yet the underlying biochemical of life - the break- processes down of starches and sugars to build-up yield energy, the of proteins and even a certain de- pendence on large quantities of water to maintain a damp skin for respiration - remain present throughout. This 'continuity-yet-distinction' can be traced at all levels of life from bacteria to man, and allows biologists to trace the 'history' of living organisms. The driving-force for change is the conflict between living sys- tems and their environment, both and living. dead The natural selection which, as we have seen in the last article, operates even in the coacervate droplets - the transitional systems between the living and non-living. A living system has recorded in it a tremendous amount of information reflecting its history' in the words of Zuckerkandl and Pauling, two eminent organic chemists. A primitive form of metabo- lism, and other biochemical pro- cesses which form the basis for the organization of all life, were already inherent in the very first organisms. In the course of change through natural selection, however, new chémical reactions developed.

These new links in the chain of life were dependent on cata- lysts (triggers), known as co- enzymes and—in a higher form -enzymes, and also on the struc- ture of the organism as a whole.

The range of enzymes con- being stantly developed per- mitted the first organisms to add in a greater number of chemical links, the network becoming complex, flexible and more durable and thus giving rise to a more rapid rate of growth and multiplication, combined with a greater survival-rate.

BROKEN DOWN

Common to all living systems in existence at present is a reactions whereby sequence of organic substances, such as sugars, are broken down in the absence of oxygen to yield energy.

Such a reaction is called 'anaer- obic (literally, without air) fer- mentation'. This process seems to be the most primitive form of enérgy- production still in existence and probably arose very. early on in the development of living sys- tems when there was a large number of organic materials ir the 'primordial soup', and oxyger was not in abundance as it is today. As living systems developed and 'consumed' the supply of organic compounds in the 'soup', the supply diminished. Those organisms which could simple use carbon compounds such carbon dioxide and as methane, rather than organic We covered ten factories with leaflets and 'Keep Left' and held five factory-gate meetings at lunchtime. Everywhere we went, whether it was outside a fac- tory, the employment ex- change, or the schools and technical colleges, the response was enthusiastic. With one new YS branch established and a successful demonstration through Sheffield at the end of the ctory visited by the team young girls told degrees in the summer for a miserly £7

CIAL CORRESPONDENT

compounds like sugar, would be able to grow and multiply in the environment. Those that new could not would become extinct.

Green plants, for example, have the ability through the use of sunlight to make complex organic compounds from carbon dioxide water (photosynthesis). and It seems, however, that there was a simpler organism to use this process before green plants existed. Even today organisms exist that still preserve in their meta- bolism traces of the more primi- tive photosynthetic processes, yet have the ability to release oxygen from water. They represent intermediate stages between primordial photo- synthetics and present-day green plants. Oxygen is required before the green pigment in plants can be manufactured and it follows that there must have been a more primitive process of using light and water to obtain oxygen and release energy. Indeed the parts of green plants responsible for this transformation are very highly organized.

MORE EFFICIENT

On the basis of an abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere more efficient forms of energy production developed. The con- sequent greater rate of energs production and the production of for making more 'building units' starches, proteins, etc., allowed a massive expansion in the living organisms on this planet.

- Hydrogen, that was previously wasted anaerobic processes, in became mobilized by means of a system which activated oxygen and released more energy by combining to yield water.

In this process the same enzymes were involved as pre- viously but the order of the re- actions was changed significantly.

Although initially primitive systems of this type developed, other systems soon came on the scene. The fact that, with some considerable them, there is in exactly these variation how systems function in different organisms indicates that they are more recent developments.

In higher organisms, such as multicellular animals, this energy- production is carried out within each cell by a highly-organized structure called a mitochondrion, which is like a biological in- cinerator. The fact that scientists can to some extent trace the 'historical" development of the basic life- does not solve the processes problem of how the development occurred. Most biologists are agreed that the process of natural selection was responsible-that is, develop- ment occurred through the con- flict between the living system and its environment. However, delving into the pro- cess of natural selection raises some key theoretical issues, both in relation to embryology-the development of the mature creature from the egg-and the development of life on earth as a whole. To be continued week on the Saturday, we were ready to move on to our next campaign centre-Leeds. During the first week we were in Leeds the general elec- tion took place and we were able to get first-hand reactions from young people we met whilst recruiting. Industry in Leeds consists mainly of clothing factories.

Burton's has a factory employ- ing 10,000. Thousands of young girls and boys leave ing girls told us they worked in a miserly £7 a week' DURING the war the Axis and Allied imperialists used to have their unofficial dip- lomatic, financial and even military exchanges in Switzer- land. This is one of the reasons for the sanctity of Swiss neutrality during two world wars. S African Prime Minister Varster chose Switzerland as his 'holiday' venue and, on the return home, expressed himself well satisfied with his vacation.

Britain Arms Apartheid It is certain that arms were a major quest of Vorster. And what he did not get from the innocent Swiss, he certainly got from France, Italy and within a week of their election victory, from the British Tories. (Not that the Tories are much worse than the Labour Party in this respect - Wilson merely 'banned' arms after Britain had supplied sufficient to S Africa to defend British investments against revolution from within and the consequences of another war from without.) In all cases Vorster did not go to get arms for himself, but for his British masters. The Tory re- arming of Vorster is a re-arming of British imperialism itself.

Why Switzerland? Vorster's choice of Switzerland was not determined only by the convenient traditional neutrality of the country, but also by the fact that the 'gnomes of Zurich' dwell there and that these bankers have very close relations indeed with apartheid S Africa.

Super-profits from S Africa help produce the high standard of living in Switzerland.

For that matter, Denmark is at all the innocent : 'little' not capitalist state she is made out to be either, having this year invested a heavy sum of capital in iron mining in the Portuguese colony of Mozambique. There is no such thing as a 'neutral' capitalist country: it is either an imperialist country or a colony of imperialism. States like Switzerland and Denmark belong to the imperialist group.

Common Market While in Switzerland Vorster was reported to have had talks related to S Africa's position in relation to the Common Market.

As a creation of British im- perialism in the Victorian period and as a major area of British investment, this country is a senior unofficial member of the real 'Commonwealth' — the old 'White Club' that used to com- prise the earlier Commonwealth.

As the fountain-head of 60 per cent of capitalism's gold, Africa is also a major pillar of international capital - a pillar which, moreover, is mainly owned by the British mining companies.: In addition it is among the first three trading partners of Britain and in respect of invest- ment and trade represents from 33 to 40 per cent of imperialist interests in the whole of Africa.

Vorster, therefore, is of major importance to any British govern- ment, which, whether Labour or Tory, stands, together with British and the rest of inter- national capital, four-square be- hind the apartheid regime.

Any kite-flying or informal negotiations that Vorster con- ducted in Switzerland, therefore, is extremely unlikely to have the prior and been without knowledge of British current political, military and financial circles. Since the Common Market is a combined assault by W Euro- pean capital on Africa, Asia and Latin America for the extraction of super-profits, it is inevitable that S Africa is in the Common Market picture, whether officially.

or otherwise. In the same way S Africa has long been an unofficial member of NATO and has military agree- ments with the USA, Britain and • W Europe. school at 15 and go straight into these factories. year Leeds Earlier this clothing workers, led mainly by the women and the youth, came out on strike for higher wages in a determined four- week stoppage. At the Labour Exchange we interviewed four young • lads who had been working in a well-known Leeds tailoring firm and who had been in- volved in the clothing strike.

The average wage they earned was f7 10s—at 18 years of age. They had tried to find other work as labourers in order to earn more money but they had found, as always, that there was a long queue.

MEETING

It was amongst these poorly paid youth that we found the most disillusionment with Wil- son's policies during the period of the Labour government and the most hatred for the Tories.

On this basis some of them, tions whilst expressing a very real hatred for the Tories and the ruling class, did not vote in the general election. Those that did vote did so on the understanding that they did not support Wilson at all but saw it rather as a question of keeping the Tories out.

Taking these views into con- sideration we organized a pub- lic meeting, held on Monday, June 22, on the political signi- ficance of the election. Our task was not just to organize a successful public Apart from its strategic posi- tion as the major gold producer in the world, Vorster is con- cerned with imperialist economic and military planning whole of southern Africa.

His Switzerland visit came to soon after his visit that 'independent' Bantustan, Malawi, and to the 'independent' 'white'.

dominated state — set up by Britain in the time of Rhodes - S Rhodesia. Vorster Such a trip must also be con- neated with the effect of Britain's application to join the Common Market in fellow EFTA member Portugal. Portugal is, of course, the boss of S Africa's neighbour Mozam- bique. This year masses of US, British and W European capital has been poured into primary Mozambique industry. 'White Supremacy' The overall planning of im- perialism in Africa is heavily con- cerned with the maintenance of 'white supremacy' in S Africa, S Rhodesia and the Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozam- bique. - Fill in the form below and se

SECRETARY, SOCIALIST LA

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LO

Name Address

PAGE THREE

meeting but to centre the cam- paign around the local YS branches in order to recruit new youth into the youth movement on the basis of a struggle against the Tory gov- ernment. The response was immediate.

In the course of our work for the public meeting we received 120 applications to join the YS. Discussion on the lessons of the Tory victory flourished everywhere, as did the sales of 'Keep Left'. The public meeting itself well •was. successful and attended. in both Our team-work Yorkshire and earlier in Mer- seyside proved a highly suc- cessful venture. We recruited many young people into the YS and we learnt a lot our- selves in discussion with them.

Centred as it was in the period of the general election came into contact with we youth affected by political questions for the first time.

We fought out many ques- tions, in particular the nature of the threat of Powellism to the working class and the necessity to unite immigrant and white youth in a struggle to force the Tories to resign.

On the basis of our experi- ences in the team we go for- ward to campaign for a massive rally at Alexandra Palace on October 18 against the Tory government with great confidence that provided we grasp this opportunity and fight the political questions we shall meet with a great response

AFRICA

By N. Makanda The former Protectorates of Botswana, Lesotho and Swazi- land, as well as Malawi, are vir- tually Bantustan enclaves in this overall plan as independent, cheap-labour reserves managed by British-trained African- nationalist Quislings. So entry of Britain and Portu- gal into the Common Market is bound to involve S Africa, for political, economic major and military reasons. Just as Anglo-S African banks dominate the finances of most "independent' ex-British States (Zambia, W Africa, E Africa), so apartheid S Africa must play a boss-like role in the set-up.

Defence and Attack On the British side, it is neces- sary to get its 'African house', which Vorster manages, in order before getting into the Common Market. The EEC has very little to do with butter, cheese and bread and is far more concerned with a joint super-exploitation of semi- colonial regions like Africa.

It is in the semi-colonial areas that Britain has-to safeguard her real imperialist strength and pro- tect herself against the encroach- ment of her imperialist rivals, such as W Germany, France anc Italy, not to mention the USA.

This is the main 'defence' which Britain has to put up in the Common Market. The damgers to her powerful position in southern Africa are combined with fresh opportuni- ties, in the eyes of British capital, of new fields for capital invest- ment and of super-exploitation of cheap African labour in the French-dominated semi-colonies.

It is this, and not only prefer- ential treatment and agricultural which bothers prices, French about the British imperialism entry into the Common Market.

So the custodian Vorster regime cannot be kept out of the Common Market negotiations.

For the sake of prudence, it may take a back seat-even as Verwoerd withdrew from the Commonwealth in the early 1960s to save Britain's face in front of the 'independent' African states.

But apartheid S Africa, even if nominally out of the Common Market, will in reality enter it together with Britain's bid to go in. And all the pro-Commonwealth and hence pro-imperialist SO- called anti-apartheid demonstra- tions by the liberals and anti- apartheid committees serve only to concentrate attention on the trappings and not show the heart of apartheid. This lies right in the City of London and extends to the finance houses and stock exchanges of W Europe and Wall St. Vorster visit to Malawi The and Switzerland was studiously ignored by the anti-cricket-tour protesters. in fact, a far more It was, -important "our'. - 7

UR LEAGUE

below and send to NATIONAL

CIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE,

HIGH ST, LONDON, SW4.

WORKERS PRESS

PAGE FOUR

Talk' with Tories says Daly, Airline strike 'first of Miners' chief a series' LEADERS of British Euro- pean Airwavs and British Overseas Airways cabin joins THE NATIONAL Union of Mine- stan warnea vesterady unal Conference meets in workers' men c-nour surike waice Douglas, IOM on July 6.9 with the endea inlanient Was background of the new Tory gor.

only the nrst of a series.

and Send ard and stewardesse. strike amongst miners over hours, wages, each therent The Yorkshire area is calling for a instead of 83. : to retire at minimum tsu wace for men conditioned the retreat the day caused bicha to the National Power Loading Agree- all underground and ment t minimum Britain. spread £20 minimum on the suriace.

but already at the une yorkshire Re-routed Gala some miners were carrying posters Passengers were told that demanding that the leadership fight for £35 NPLA and £25 sur- other anime, be te one to will face, or resign!

FROM JACK GALE

the airlines porte The Scottish area submits this goe in mont 10 to force as for mealtimes for Daly de plares that underground day-wage sumace worki and

ALTE

nimbysh of 20 for race workers and Acceptance "Bodestion craft £22 mini Heathrow arport today: aerground day-wage workers. Coal of Substantial

WEATHER

'Economies' Recent and ice, London Reduction rated is shift Tea the store rise king. Durham calls for a reduc the at shit ate hold se Come cho and.ect, Some" paid hit on which an acci.

Channel Islanas, sw bigland, sing NW (6P) dent occurs. musi Showers tabilized Work shifts and oight shites.

financial Moderate land, Pershin Brentseronex. demand action winds. Rather cool.

ARMY

NW Shower

COUP

15C (59F)

THREAT

No fight Sather cool. Max. 14c (57d).

The Fril, Saurdang Continuing IN Show Probably ground work and dry in seven-and-a-half-hour western areas on Friday.

CHILE

Writing in the July issue

SUBSCRIBE NOW

BY A WORKERS PRESS

inchers nrass

PORE GN CORRESPONDENT

Hastings

CHRISTIAN -

DEMO-

Tink More hence Banda

CRATIC

president rrey extended Tne state Munt fore neace emergency to the northern defends province Antofagasta Smith on Monday. workers press regime THE pro-apartheid Presi- cent Malawi. On eve of LP. conference Hastings banda, delendea the omith regime against the attacks of its critics at a press conference earlier Proletarian Left' have already this week. scription two daya

FROM PAGE ONE

da tos tor thre Rhodesia, he saidapplied OR Et ay three montre reporters The trade union chiefs wel- des the come villages inf Crapham High Sion, London, 3w%. (Tel: 01-720-2000) ournalists too around the necks of the Trish heir information in worKers. I would like to subscribe to Workers Press for rotten Jailed On the same day as smas case he road fors Aft Choose candidate Cover the Victoria "reform' between the two Unicnester Walk s permi the peres real a cover Commander-

LATE NEWS

Armed Force union leaders are not wait and sey replied: 12618 aloncifist reformism, nat Brian Lea action in Derry last Sunday.

Our correspondent in Derr Paris planes Derry coass one Sinday gee his speakers delayed hen there hang bene

GLC HOME

LOANS RATE

inTerest rate for n Council's nay is from int and home houses in parliament eights › nine and a ne chare on of not per Quarter nicians Bene ca Businessman alad told a tion 3o save the coin ry doverment meeting Thursday July 2, 1970

ATUA CALLS

Rank-and-file miners' conference

THE MINERS'

Section of the All rades Unions All ance invites all miners to a Conference Danum at the • Stop to close Hotel in Doncaster on sep discuss the tember 6 to following programme: ko commite guaranteed with no loss decision inimum and £20 su meetingeement o thout negotiations • Net indistry celestine mass • 7t-hour oil and gas). against ing class. ror conterence credentia s (5s per head) write to: No more lobs for te affected

FOREIGN COYRESPONDENT

Kremlin leaders are Promotion putting great pressure on Nasser-currently in Mos time militant taiker actone pressure on cow - to accept • the s Middle East 'peace' plan.

have Nasser to ray to emphasize present Israeli state accept deal Cordiality national siutation be but an 'atmosphere of cordial- which will andeomplete mutual un- inuedations after the main hope refer- ence to Nasser's Moscow visit.

Splits cabinet to- hat Depence Marie DESPITE the die mine White ented by shhe Kremlin down in the Suez Canal zone.

Dayan told plan o as enable Be reasonable rab leaders to Troops mated into thing out inse ral backstreet breas trom both che peace said- Victory for the Arab revo Argentine police existence politics of the unable

ULSTER TORIES

WAGE CLAIMS in Argentina strike spreading in response to the inevitable rise in prices The situation is now ripe Middie Bas

MOVE TO ARMY

following the revaluation ot the peso a fortnight ago-one

BY A WORKERS PRESS

countries. of the first : of President

CORRESPONDENT

Levingston, the puppet of the

RULE

• candie sare the army leaders who deposed

CORRECTION

Despite President Ongania. 'Unionist" The word the cos estabishing tawand order in many areas dither hiemselves in anil barricade the threa more or les direc control.

hey surrendered only whe urrounded by the Arm

SIL AND

OUNG SUCIALISIS

SUMMER

cular busine badly receped

CAMP

Big the meant, showed little le aroposthat gree police were allowed to patrol July 25-August 8 Situated in pleasant surroundings on the Essex coast.

MEETINGS

lectures and decision o

PUBLIC MEETINGS

nih have he othe

ALL TRADES

UNIONS ALLIANCE

"The working class can de-

MEETINGS

feat the Tory government' tend th please complete "The working class can de-

NEWCASTLE

feat the Tory government' Thursday, July 2, 7.30 p.m.

Complete form and sand to: Summer Camp, 186a Clapham High St, SWA.

RAMSGATE:

Thursday, uly 2, Please send me details of Summer Camp.

HULL

rlowing bow. Thursday, July 2, 8 p.m. ...... NOTTINGHAM: Thursday, July 2, 53 Beverley Address 7.30 n.m Speaker: Tolen Kemp People's Hall. Heathcote Si