Workers Press no. 207

workers press daily organ of the The Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 207

SATURDAY AUL 11978

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLEIIEKO

July E1000 Troops threat still As dockers are forced to strike Appeal Fund starts al hangs over Heath cracks E29 2s dockers' strike wat the peak of THREATS that Edward Heath's three-week-old We know Tory government WOld Pogrom and move in troops against the striking dockers grew yesterday, the whip when threat by union leaders and employers visited the Depart- What ment of Employment and Productivity for talks Ulster aimed at averting the strike.

we Tories Arriving at the DEP's think

BY DAVID MAUDE

St James Square head-

BY A WORKERS PRESS

Transport was not unnoperul unal quarters allu 186a Capan Fund Street, General Workers' national some suggestion might be Stalinists docks officer Tim O'Leary made to avert a strike. EIRE premier Jack Lynch is mistie the union shad thought likely to be planning

BY A POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT

' же nationwide television and defend f2 5s offer • not want a radio broadcast Sunday THREE THINGS emerge clearly out of the pre- strike. We do night, eve of the Orange Order strike. parades in Belfast. turned down sent impasse on the dockers' pay claim.

TrOOps

OFFICIAL

FIRSTLY, the rank-and- said arbitration dockers, and "Kine planned for lul 15. 0m

BACKING

in Ulster alike, deter- " White' refuse mined to fight for and win British troop strength has

FOR SOVEX

allow steepe parades to order id the z20 minimum, even it this, as it surely must,

STRIKERS

гне brilish ruling class l ruins the prospects implementing Devlin Phase Be the races up to die an direct Two by the employers and SiRIKERs trom Kents date spite overbal ted tre the government in 1970. sover eevator ano con a united Ireland. The N Ireland crisis, in which Erith veyor plant to come back later in the night SECONDLY, the trade union continued • their + strike for a f6-a-week pay rise under Tory deals government productivity into Its ninth week The fes is essemal to pie- with official Belfast sec yesterday

NO NEGOTIATIONS

retreat at che into spond the backing trem the Amal Unionist campaign. gamated Engineers and eyers coarman Georg

THIRDLY,

spect of the Socialist Foundryworkers. Thaabour league, determined AEF convenor Laurie Smith speaking to yesterday's meeting.

troops to the dam Use even belore Cracy, to defeat the dockers so management for sent by infoon ast augure up of a E2o 17s 6d flat rate I, Bradford and Amster 60. British Belting and Asbes- Thetate e rationalization of industry this ' Inter A section of the CAV Acton workers at yesterday's meeting.

Heathis ad Acton CAV men Prime the cated tor sendi members are Egypttakes long the troops vote for August government took poss bring matement and wil in Uisterialist army to be look' at US plan strike 'Morning Star' doubt lesterday s and soldiers

BY A WORKERS PRESS

WHILE Israeli and Egyptian spokesmen concentrate or Acton

IL TRADE

UNIONS

REPORTER

the air war in the Suez Canal zone, the diplomatic overwhelmingly yesterday 71 charged the Ulster munity. preparanons lor a Middle-cast dea conenue National Docks total of 7 people conference

BY JOHN CRAWFORD

I also Cals lotte sall TUC chief Belfast Jnioni Not bluffing concedes factory-wide pay claim. Marges arising really endorses In a Heath wat aor bluding.

opposit den on sit so found a tic and are Ted hosed to lead wa Tory policy uses in elast son a meals on big me i Feather told a erent mector National Union none sporter cording Summer

SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE AND YOUNG SOCIALISTS

a list in what his st 'struggle doing 1967 strike can be seen in N Ireland.

00° shand their heir cos poison doptementation of case poison says Smith. - 20 to pastor and i occupation armany systems and sele The is how Not nee e soon in the brea arious th not esperatist wake barrier elective, Wilson order Unionis mont ago onestly ney of the nighty mailed lal pay to te is

JULY 25- AUGUST 8

camp Thịs is the Prolonged fight due at Situated in oleasant dacior monitoring syste Meet er race thi surroundings or Dungeness leaders able to e the many of demare • Severed,

BY COMPRENDERS

Ch other to The part ere a wants every Like 1967 this is not just At the camp, there wil over more pay Sion of the Arab Cause have or government's rationaliza moved exercise Please send me details of Summer Camp.

actory lover the iss to replay th e real and only reason th Name ….. e demand for a вост на на we to deteat the Tories Basic pad was Address nothe soinee missile bases on

PAGE FOUR COL. 9

workers press Wheat think Stalinists defend TrOOps in Ulster THe is Testy For ca In whic killed by under thest Tory Ine nent prin are the working answer these attacks. from Ülster, even sent by Wilson Tast sets the Communist itish Catholic workers Balsa wo • insterialist army Yesteraay s he CP's So the out all and the parade a des empa Here is the outcome of the pee pedired by the CaP to In 19 a he Mast can be seen in N Ireland.

This is the force that Stalin ism appeals to to disarm Onionists. Order alla Sales S I be seen ey workers evens.

where as a warning will ror the workers movement le re to deleat t The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 207 •

SATURDAY JULY 11, 1970

PRICE 6d, July £1000 Troops threat still As dockers are forced to strike Appeal Fund starts at hangs over Heath cracks £28 2s dockers' strike THREATS that Edward Heath's three-week-old Tory government would declare a state Pogrom the emergency troops against ana move in striking dockers grew yesterday, when docks the whip threat by union leaders and employers visited the Depart- ment of Employment and Productivity for talks Ulster aimed at averting the strike.

Tories Arriving at the DEP's

BY DAVID MAUDE

Square head- ames Transport

BY A WORKERS PRESS

Post them to: was nor unnopetus inan anu some suggestion might be 186a London, 5li sere, General Workers' national docks officer Tim O'Leary made to avert a strike. EIRE premier Tack Lunch is thought likely to be planning

BY A POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT

television and £2 5s offer Ladie DIodacast sunday THREE THINGS emerge clearly out of the pre- night, eve of the Orange Order strike. We do not want a parades in Belfast. turned down sent impasse on the dockers' pay claim.

i ore will not accept neit As he left the DEP O'Leary

OFFICIAL

have felled FIRSTLY, the rank-and- said arbitration isheuth thi vestminster dockers, 'Blue' and • hile 'White'

BACKING

alike, deter- ale mined to fight for and win see our slow the parade to poe

FOR SOVEX

the 220 minimum, even if this, as it surely musL e nihe Founna Fail party is conference can

STRIKERS

Cal eary the 1 ulls

DIUDDECIS

implementing Devlin Phase gang the DEP Two by the employers and STRIKERS from Kent's following se the government in 1970. Sovex elevator and con- the plant back later in the night or that is of course failed t primarily continued their strike i do the of the basic if there for a E6-a-week pay rise the too point of v Detwee week ninth Two, into yesterday official fight with

NO NEGOTIATIONS

seitasi backing from the Amal- fake Unionist campaign gamated Engineers and Foundryworkers. Challenge tas fory equally determined Unionierday, Chinese, -Cain, AEF convenor Laurie Smith speaking to yesterday's meeting rep and brother * that the min workers iously to reject Mil, biated and Andon ould acce union: £2 Ss 10%d- involved eight hours usually £3 them after Commons earliers ems ober cat male Chichester-Carrade on July zation of industry this doned their ned to con Their t A section of the CAV Acton workers at yesterday's meeting.

Executives of the have mad ad! PrOPAGE FOUR COL. Pera Acton CAV men i antition the Minister proving Thursday country to steadi- Egypttakes long the threat of vote for August Want to use in the Tory ate total mạil Lynch and tighten production, there Soverent , bring intation future pros- aged i7 and 18, strike look' at US plan which

SEVERAL

THOUSAND

wise have.' London's WOrKerS during rioting a WHILE Israeli and Egyptian spokesmen concentrate on

BY A WORKERS PRESS

CAV plant voted

ACIOL

ALL TRADIAN CETONS

REPORTER

yesterday ine air war in the suez Canal zone, the aiplomatic overwnemmine 71 charged preparations for a Middle-East deal continue.

the National Docks these maters in the may morning strike Tron August 18 unless the military laid seal t e total pear in the perri conference TUC chief

BY JOHN CRAWFORD

company concedes Then Strengthened Not bluffing factory-wide pay claim. Eras endorses fact he cavor afford tong ense were not cuban n fac i, but highly danger Nasser's visit to Moscow, Tory policy Cocoa be a Canine so Credentials Tory so Heath strike meant on under citrol. Birkenhead. ecretary Victor Teachers malamated Engineers ant to a union spokesman, coat: Engineers

SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE AND YOUNG SOCIALISTS

Summer profits. undryworkers against inabor means sent out Struggle stations, and fancial 1967 strike and 3s ol women: for mer were completels ° We think that they will in Warning fact go for expansion and will over so percent in Tor polion in the breat ane eve had to no the balan ech alreal some Proble there the to wage bao bree the Wilson -hey fatar writing it camp

JULY 25- AUGUST 8

Prolonged fight due at Situated in a an i8 month pay brand pleasant Dungeness surroundings on

SIXTY

om the site of the Essex coast. the road with the manage per Corp, 16 Clapham High St. SWA.

olitical struggie painst the sites in government's rationaliza.

worker Presalued in back Please sone me details or bummer vamp ember med real and only reason tha Name ....... committee on the one a new demand for an increase * truth - ave pad was Address throughout -bu last four months taking weeks.

PAGE TWO

(i) Class as an objective phenomenon IT IS OFTEN said and written that the class struggle is the core of Marx's theories. Marx himself pronounced on class this idea: •.. no credit is due to me for discovering the existence of classes in modern society, nor yet the struggle between them. Long before me the bourgeois historians had de- scribed the historical develop- ment of this class struggle and economists, the bourgeois economic anatomy of the classes. What I did that was new was to prove: (1) that the existence of classes is only bound up with particular historic phases in the development of production; (2) that the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the pro- letariat; (3) that this dictatorship it- self only constitutes. the transition, to the abolition of all classes and to a classless society. ..! (Marx letter to Weydemeyer, March 5, 1852). Thus the Marxist theory of class struggle can only be un- derstood in connection with the basic tenets of historical materialism. This struggle is explained in terms of its his- torical origins, development, and limits, the basis of on definite and changing economic conditions. This historical view was for Marx the decisive element, and Lenin later explained, on the basis of further experience, just what this meant con- cretely. Limits Lenin pointed out that Kautsky, perhaps the mast authoritative writer on Marxist theory, when faced with the First World War and the Russian Revolution of 1917, was unable to go beyond what bourgeois Marx called the limits of recognizing the class struggle, to the dictatorship of the proletariat and the tran- sition to socialism. Thus: 'This is the touchstone on which the real understanding acceptance of Marxism and should be tested. And it is not surprising that when the brought the history of Europe working class face to face with this question in a practical way, not only all the oppor- tunists and reformists, but all who the Kautskyists (those reformism vacillate between Marxism) proved to be and misérable Philistines and petty- bourgeois democrats who repudiated the dictatorship of the proletariat. . . . 'Opportunism does not carry the recognition of class strug- gle to the main point, to the period of transition from cap- to socialism, to the italism period of overthrow and com- plete abolition of the bour- geoisie." What is essential here, there- Marx's fore, is to see that and class theory of class struggle is not a theory only of the structure and function of society, a way of explaining a given social order, after the manner of orthodox sociology, or even of the classical politi- cal economists. It is, on the contrary, that section of Marx's theory which scientifically reflects the pro- 'the whole cess by which is smashed up'. It is thing with the creation, concerned rendering consolidation and more or less conscious, of the forces which effect the politi- cal changes necessary to abolish the classes made redundant by the development of production and place another class in power. The classes which Marx definite, writes about are historically necessary, organs of an historical mode of pro- (' Lenin, "The State and Revolution'.) I would like informat Fill in the form below and send

SECRETARY, SOCIALIST LAB

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LON

Name Address duction; the politics and ideology of these classes, or of sections of them, are re- flections of their historical economic interests, though of course the same warnings must be made for the form and mode of this reflection as Engels made for the ideologi- cal process in general. Lenin has given what is the general most 'class' in the Marxist sense: 'Classes are large groups of people which differ from each other by the place they occupy in a historically definite system of social production, by their relation (in most cases fixed and formulated in laws) to the means of produc- tion, by their role in the social organization of, labour, and consequently, by the dimensions and method of acquiring the share of social wealth that they obtain. Classes are groups of people one of which may appropriate the labour of another owing to the different places they occupy in the definite system of social economy." Gulf is an unbridgeable There gulf between this Marxist view of the objective basis of social class and the notion of class in bourgeois sociology.

Schumpeter, for example, ex- presses clearly what many others accept by implication.

Complaining that classes are often assumed to exist on a socio - economic basis, he writes: •... these classes are classes only in the sense that they result from the scholar's classi- fication of economic subjects."

Dahrendorf has more re- cently endorsed this essentially idealist standpoint. For him, classes with only latent in- terests are 'quasi-groups', and exist only as theoretical con- structions: 'Only by doubtful analogy of such quasi-groups.' The mystery deepens when we learn in the next paragraph that 'On the other hand, common modes of behaviour are char- acteristic of interest groups recruited from larger quasi- groups'" cruitment, since doubtful analogy' do these quasi-groups have any mem- bers! Schumpeter tells us further that, •... The ultimate foundation on which the class phenomenon rests consists of individual differences in aptitude.'

Even though Schumpeter re- fines this definition by qualify- ing aptitude as 'socially neces- sary', he only thereby renders it tautological, since it turns out to be a matter of aptitude for being in the given classes.

Contrast There is here a stark and with the obvious contrast the Marxist insistence on historical - economic 'ultimate foundation' of classes, to which individual aptitudes con- form through the division of labour and all the institution of the superstructure. The spate of studies of 'social mobility', particularly those concerned with the work- • ing class, show very clearly that bourgeois sociology accepts the class structure as 'given'.

It go bevond the does not naive 'realism' of the Americar sociologist Cooley: •... the relation between employing and hand- the labouring classes is first of all a matter of personal at- titudes.' Lipset and Bendix in 1959 were able to conclude sim- ilarly: (2 Lenin, A Great Beginning, 'Collected Works', Vol. 29, p.

421.) (3 Schumpeter, 'Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy'.)

( R. Dahrendorf, 'Class and Class Conflict in an Industrial Society, Routledge, 1959, p. 179.)

- information about low and send to NATIONAL

IALIST LABOUR LEAGUE,

GH ST, LONDON, SW4.

PART

EIGHT

*... the cumulation of dis- advantagés at the bottom of the social scale is in large part the result of a lack of interest [!] in educational and occupational achieve- ments'" Talcott Parsons, always the most explicit of sociologists in his rejection of the claim for objectivity made by Marxism, proposes instead starting- point justified on the purest pragmatic grounds. (It can be said in general that behind the 'theoretical' mountainous and abstract constructions of Par- sons always stands the crudest pragmatism, in the philosophi- cal sense. One reason why this goes unrecognized is that prag- matism itself is not seen as the "subjective' basically philo- sophy which Peirce, James and Dewey made of it, whatever their differences.) Marxism Parsons puts aside Marxism as a basis for examining the role of ideas in society because its explanations are almost uniformly historical couched in genetic, terms, as the Marxist theory itself is, and analytical gene- ralizations as to the role of ideas cannot in principle be proved or disproved by such a method'.6 In other words, Parsons will interpret any specific ideas, and their relation to given 'social action', in terms of some supposedly universally valid generalizations' about the role of ideas, explicitly abstracting from the specific content and historical role of these ideas, their particular ( Lipset and Bendix, 'Social Mobility in Industrial Society.

p. 285). (° T. Parsons, The Role of Ideas in Social Action, in 'Essays in Sociological Theory', p. 26.)

KARL MARX

origin and development in a given struggle material forces. That it should be this 'specificness", historical very materially determined, which is the key to the 'role of ideas, is beyond the range of Par- sons' 'conceptual apparatus'. The real result of the apparent 'value-neutrality' and refusal of any "philosophical' assumptions is to embrace an idealism which repeats the assertions of Schumpeter that reality is essentially a matter of what the observer decides.

KAUTSKY

But Parsons goes further, and transfers these subjective notions into the centre of the social reality under observa- For example, having tion. decided to concentrate on the moral aspect of stratification, Parsons takes up the objection that this procedure might be considered arbitrary: 'It is, however, no more and no less arbitrary than, for in- stance, the selection of distance as a basic category for describ- ing the relations of bodies in a mechanical system [sic]. Its selection is determined by the place which moral evaluation holds in a generalized concep- tual scheme, the "theory of action". The only necessary justification of such a selection at the outset is to show that the categories are applicable [2]. In our ordinary treatment of social rank, moral evalua- tions are in fact prominently

WORKERS PRESS

involved. The normal reaction to a conspicuous error in rank- ing is at least in part one of moral indignation- either a person thinks he is "unjustly" disparaged by being put on a level with those who are really his inferiors, his real feel "insulted" by superiors having him, in the relevant their aspects, treated as équal." It is difficult to know where to start, so complete is the conceptual confusion: the 'applicable', "ordinary, words "normal', 'conspicuous error' superiors' 'really, and real all refer precisely to • what needs to be demonstrated, and not at all to some universally agreed reality. To paraphrase Marx's rhetorical question: if the social reality is directly reflected in the consciousness of the actors, what then is the need for social science?

The purpose of this digres- sion is to indicate that the philosophical assumptions of sociology, where they even assert themselves, as in the vast majority of cases, through the mechanism of proceeding without examining in any way what one's assumptions are, affect fundamentally the cate- gories and criteria of selection and significance of what is called 'the empirical data.

Compare We cannot therefore simply compare the findings of Marx with those of other sociologists and ask which 'fit the facts', or whether the one can be 'supplemented' by the other.

It is a question of the relation category 'class' between the and the whole theory of tl.

interpretation between socie y and nature, subject and object, economy and superstructure.

( Analytical Approach to the Theory of Social Stratifica- tion', Ibid p. 70). pon when he comments upo larx's assertion that beside the class struggle, its origins and its outcome, the implica- ions of acceptance of the theory must be worked out.

Yet another dimension of Marxism, as opposed to 'soci- ology, must be interposed at this stage of the discussion.

The working class-and of course the other classes in relationship with it—must be studied from the point of view of what it is becoming through struggle, and not simply from the standpoint of defining its role in the existing society.

Consciousness The consciousness by the working class of this role is already an element in the pro- cess of abolishing itself as a class. The laws of the market and their implications are an essential basis for defining the working class, but no less essential is the actual struggle of the working class against the domination of these laws and produced by their opera- tion. the ordinary run of things,' writes Marx in 'Capi- tal', 'the labourer can be left to the natural laws of produc- tion.' Direct force, i.e. the coer- cive force of the state, is used 'only exceptionally, when the proletariat through its struggle resists the dehumanizing effects of these laws of capitalist production in such a way as threaten capitalist rule.

to Only social revolution can end the relation of wage-labour a commodity sold as to capital. But the struggle towards this revolution has resulted at times in reforms, partial vic- tories. A Marxist of class structure and class conflict without critically analysing these actual efforts of the oppressed classes to become something other than what their oppressors make them.

Victory Marx, for example, describes the factory legislation of 19th century Britain as a victory of the political economy of working class over the political economy of the bour- geoisie. This view and was part parcel of his notion of the working class as a force which would conquer its own eman- cipation and in the process abolish itself and class society.

Lassalle, in glaring contrast, always spoke in terms of the "iron law' of wages, and appro- priately elaborated a gramme of 'State socialism' under the benevolent gaze of the dictator Bismarck. (ii) Class and 'size of income' THIS EMPHASIS on conflict (struggle) in the Marxist theory of class is part of that his- torical or dialectical stand- point which distinguishes 'farxism from sociology. Where sociology sees con- cepts like 'class' as terms or concepts which provide more or less useful tools for the de- scription of the functions of a Saturday July 11, 1970 particular society, or as build- derstanding may be cleared 'models' which ing-blocks for away at this preliminary stage by pursuing elucidate these functional in- the latter point. terrelations, Marxism is always When Marx writes about seeking the 'law of motion' of class struggle he is talking a given social order, the mode about irreconcilable antagon- of development by which it istic interests rooted in basic both reproduces its character- relations of production. This istic features and at the same clash of does interests not time the conditions generates arise from adding together the of its negation. individual conflicts undergone by individual members of the Marx's aim, therefore, is but from the same class, ex- not to look for a set of cate- ploitation relationship and its gories of class which will suit- changes, ably classify, with the mini- together with the political steps taken to assure mum number of anomalies, the its continuation. individual members of the society. He is in fact interested and utterances in the actions Conflict of these individuals only in so far as they express with par- ticular sharpness the course of development of classes or sections of classes. All sorts of other conflicts occur in society and All theories of class which are re- lated to class conflict in differ- are designed to "classify' the but the class con- excluded fict was decisive population be can flict historically, from discussion about Marx's because it is directly related theory. development of the to the One other common mode of production, its con- misun-

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IC BASIS

y Cliff Slaughter 1ne normal reactol least in part ed by being on a who relevan treated difficult Lee is So complete start ptual the ›plicable. conspici etorical directly the consciousness then what for social science? nentally cate- empirical data empare stion of the relation the category

SOCIE Y

superstructure. lytical of p. 70). It is this which Lenin insists upon when he comments upon Marx's assertion that besides theory must be worked out.

'value- claim to ociology: reedom is precisely its rejec- tion of these implications.

Yet another dimension of Marxism, as opposed to 'soci- ology, must be interposed at this stage of the discussion.

The working class-and of course the other classes in relationship with it-must be studied from the point of view of what it is becoming through struggle, and not simply from the standpoint of defining its role in the existing society.

Consciousness The consciousness by the working class of this role is already an element in the pro- cess of abolishing itself as a class. The laws of the market and their implications are an essential basis for defining the working class, but no less essential is the actual struggle of the working class against the domination of these laws and produced by their opera- tion. In the ordinary run of things, writes Marx in 'Capi- tal', 'the labourer can be left to the natural laws of produc- tion.' Direct force, i.e. the coer- cive force of the. state, is used 'only exceptionally', when the proletariat through its struggle resists the dehumanizing effects of these laws of capitalist production in such a way as to threaten capitalist rule.

Only social revolution can end the relation of wage-labour sold • a commodity to as capital. But the struggle towards this revolution has resulted at times in reforms, partial vic- tories. A Marxist could not write a 'sociology' of class structure and class conflict without critically analysing these actual efforts of the oppressed classes to become something , other than what their oppressors make them.

Victory Marx, for example, describes the factory legislation of 19th century Britain as a victory of the political economy of the working class over political economy of the bour- geoisie. This view and was part parcel of his notion of the working class as a force which would conquer its own eman- cipation and in the process abolish itself and class society.

Lassalle, in glaring contrast, always spoke in terms of the 'iron law' of wages, and appro- priately elaborated a pro gramme of 'State socialism' under the benevolent gaze of the dictator Bismarck. (ii) Class and 'size of income' THIS EMPHASIS on conflict (struggle) in the Marxist theory of class is part of that his- torical or dialectical stand- point which distinguishes farxism from sociology. Where sociology sees con- as terms or concepts which provide more or less useful tools for the de- scription of the functions of a Saturday July 11, 1970 particular society, or as build- derstanding be cleared ing-blocks for models' which away at this preliminary stage elucidate these functional in- by pursuing the latter point. terrelations, Marxism is always When Marx writes about seeking the 'law of motion' of class struggle he is talking a given social order, the mode about irreconc lable antagon- development which istic interests rooted in basic both reproduces its character- of production. This relations istic features and at the same of clash interests does time generates the conditions not arise from adding together the of its negation. individual conflicts undergone by individual members of the Marx's aim, therefore, is same class, but from not to look for a set of cate- the ex- ploitation relationship and its gories of class which will suit- changes, with together the ably classify, with the mini- political steps taken to assure mum number of anomalies, the individual its continuation. members of the society. He is in fact interested in these the actions and utterances Conflict individuals only in so far as they express with par- the course ticular sharpness of development of classes or sections of classes. All sorts of other conflicts occur in society and are re- All theories of class which lated to class conflict in differ- "classify' are designed to the ent ways, but the class con- population be excluded can flict is decisive historically, from discussion about Marx's because it is directly related theory. development to the the One other common misun- mode of production, its con-

BBC 1

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Grandstand. 1.40, 2.05, 2.35, 3.05 Golf. 1.50, 2.20, 2.50 Racing from Newbury. 2.35, 3.05 Athletics. Great Britain v = Germany. 5.30 Results service. 5.40 Debbie Reynolds show.

6.05 NEWS and weather. 6.15 DAD'S ARMY. 'Battle School".

6.45 HIGH ADVENTURE. 'King of the Khyber Rifles'. With Tyrone captain is given the job of training a Power. A young army Khyber Rifles regiment in India.

8.20 IT'S LULU. With Ray Stevens, Mike Yarwood and Arrival.

9.05 A MAN CALLED IRONSIDE. 'The Tormentor'.

NEWS and weather. 9.55

10.10 BIG FIGHT.

Who will be the Heavyweight The seventies Champion of the World in 1975?

11.00 QUIZ OF THE WEEK. 11.30 Weather.

REGIONAL

BBC

All regions as BBC.1 except: Scotland, N Ireland: 11.32 News, weather. Midlands E Anglia. No Nor 11.32 5.40-6.05 Wales: 9.15-9.35 Dyna wall: 11.32 Weather.

ha.

BBC 2

4.00-5.40 p.m. SATURDAY CINEMA.

'Three Little Words'. With Fred Astaire and Red Skelton. Hollywood about a musical song writing team. 7.30 NEWS, sport and weather.

7.40 WESTMINSTER. Review of the political week.

8.00 GARDENERS' WORLD.

8.15 'DONALD

CROWHURST-SPONSORED

HEROISM'.

FOR

Documentary about the round-the-world sailor who never came back. 9:05 GOLF. Open Championship 1970.

10.00 NOW AND THEN. 'Various Vlews of Venus'.

10.10 VAL DOONICAN SHOW.

10.55 THIRTY-MINUTE THEATRE.

'The Victims', part 'Pro- one. gressive Blues'. lonely singer in her mid-thirties

TAP!"

trapped by her husband. 11.25 NEWS and weather. 11.30 DISCO 2.

11.55 MIDNIGHT MOVIE. 'Bonjour Tristesse'. With Deborah Kerr ar 1 David Niven. The teenage daughter of a wealthy Paris widower drives away the woman he wants to marry. From the book by Francoise Sagan.

ITV

RAC road report. 11.40 House repairs.

.12.05 p.m. Better 11.35 a.m. driving. 12.30 Wind in the willows. 12.45 Captain Scarlet. 1.10 News 1.20 World of sport. 1.22 Australian pools. 1.25 They're off! 1.30, 2.00.

2.35. 3.05 Racing from York. 1.45, 2.15, 2.50 Racing from Wolv Tour 4 v0 hampton. 3.10 International sports special. de France. 5.45 News. 5.50 5.00 Results 5.15 Stewpot. Wrestling. carvice. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

6.15 BEVERLY HILLBILLIES. 'Elly Comes Out'.

6.45

ALBERT AND VICTORIA.

7.15 DES O'CONNOR SHOW.

8.15 'THE MARRIAGE-GO-ROUND'. With Susan Hayward and James Mason. A Scandinavian beauty disrupts the lives of a couple happily married for 16 years.

10.00 NEWS. 10.10 THE GOLD ROBBERS. 'Crack Shot'.

11.10 ENGELBERT HUMPERDINCK SHOW.

12.10 a.m. POST MORTEM INTERNATIONAL. /

REGIONAL ITV

CHANNEL:

SOUTHERN:

12.45 Mr London 5.45 Robe Angel 7.15 6.45 London With Red'. Saturday 10 9.00 Cot- Rogarde Sica 0.10 N1.50 Des Weather. Action 70. Fars for ite: 1215 Wrael except: 12,10 Saturday July 11, 1970 By way of example, contrast this Marxist with an- view acteristics' taken into account).

In the first place, Marx's theory is strictly speaking not one of 'stratification', but of the process by which the forces of transformation of one form of society into an- other are necessarily born and develop (and, as a by-product, how the ruling class is able for a considerable period to ensure a relative equilibrium or modus vivendi between the contending forces). Secondly, differences in size of income divide men as in- dividuals from each other just as surely within a given class as across class lines.

'The size of one's purse is a purely quantitative differ- which any two in- ence, by dividuals of the same class may be brought into con- flict'.8 Magnitudes The last point may emerge more clearly if posed in an- other way: the magnitudes of individual incomes form a series, more or less a con- tinuum, and each income is, without doubt, an 'objective' datum; but the points at which 'class' lines are drawn horizon- tally across this continuum is an entirely subjective matter the decided by analyst; no matter where a line is drawn, it is evident that many indi- viduals on different sides of it will have more in common than each of them has with others included with him in the same 'class'. In other words, despite the 'objective' criterion (size of income here used, the term 'class' has only the significance of 'classification' according to the requirements of the inves- tigator. (And for such purely sub- (8 Marx. 'Die Moralisierende Kritik' (1847) cited by Bottomore and Rubel op. cit., p. 202) 4*.... HARLECH: 12.45 SKIPPY London.

1.10 London, Robin hood. 5.50 the, pony Voyage the bottom of to sea. 6.45 London. 7.15 Western: Express'. With Charlton Heston and Flemin& Hickok Rhonda Buffalo Bill Cody and Wild Bill are commis- sioned to establish the Pony Express. 9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 London. 10.10 Cinema: onda Chapaire Reloom: With Fonda, Bloom, Jane Winters, Ir. Shelley Glynis and Johns Resea, chers move Efrem Zimbalist of Los into a suburb Angeles to con- duct a sex survey. 12.15 Weather.

HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 6.45-7.15 Hyd a lled.

ANGLIA:

12.55 Seaway. 1.10 London. 5.53 Branded. 6.15 The sky's the limit. 6.45 7.15 "The Power and London. the Prize". With With Robert Taylor and Elisabeth A young executive involved in shady deal meets an attractive European refugee. 9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 London. Name 10.10 11.35 All our yester- of the game. days. 12.05 Reflection.

ATV

MIDLANDS:

12.45 Captain Scarlet. 1.10 London. 5.15 Jokers wild.

5.50 Vic- 5.45 London. Albert and toria. 6.20 Adventure: "Tarzan and the Name of Amazons'. 7.35 •the game. London. 9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 10.10 theatre. "Twelfth Saturday night Night'. ULSTER: 1.10 London, 5.45 News. 5.50 Laredo. 6.45 Film: Monty's Double'. Cecil With John Mills and Parker. An unknown actor poses as Montgomery during the last General 8.25 Sports results. 8.30 Albert war. Victoria. 9.00 Des O'Connor. and 10.10 Night 10.00 London Saturday "Twelfth Night'. Theatre. 11.30 Archery. 11.55

YORKSHIRE:

Finn. 12.45 Floris. 12.20 Huckleberry Woobinda. 1.10 London. 5.15 Big valley. 6.10 News. 6.15 The sky's the Inspector' With limit. 6.45 "The Hart. Con- 8.30 Stephen Boyd and Dolores Albert and Victoria. 9.00 Des 10.10 Name of the nor. 10.00 London. game. Midnight weather. GRANADA: 11.50 House repairs. 12.15 Sting ray. 1.10 Better •"S. Flipper. 12.40 News London. and Hardy. 6.05 Cartoon 5.50 Laurel time. 6.15 Des O'Connor. 7.15 Tough Pirate'. "Blackbeard the With guys: Robert Newton The Linda Darnell and England Keith Andes. King of orders Blackbeard's 9.00 destruction. Callan. 10.00 London. 10.15 Man in a suitcase. 11.10 London. TYNE TEES: 124. 645 London. 8015 London. Laredo. Film: "That Kind of Woman'. With Sophia Loren and Tab Hunter. 10.00 London. 12.10 Epilogue. 1. yesterdays.

BORDER: 12.20

All our 12.43 Captain Scarlet. London. SEAS IS piper Vind Long w.S15 Victoria. Wind in 1.10 London. 12.45 Des. SConnor: Albert 10.00 Des London. Hayward! Want to Live". With Susan Parsons' class is inseparable from his jective purposes, in- theory sistence that Virtually any historical materialist starting-point will do must be of base and superstructure.

accepted.) For Marx, a 'class' is not an with agregate those Outgrowth similar incomes or even pos- consists sessions, but of all those with a similar property relation to the means of pro- and thereby to other duction, Marx, the other hand, on classes who stand in a different outgrowth sees classes as tne The sphere of the basic needs of society's property relation. of consumption is secondary, production, and seeks a theory scientific derived. concept of class which expresses the indicate will the derivation actual relation, in develop- and development, not sum- ment, between the classes. marize the end-product. Socio- Certainly the classes are re. opposed logists who proceed in lated to each other, latter manner would qualify for to each other, in every sphere social life, including the treatment given to of the

LENIN

Vol. of ide- bourgeois economists in realms most remote III of 'Capital', in which ology, and the investigator may of choose to select any . it will be shown what these sets of relations. the Philistine's and vulgar economist's way of looking at But the further he from, away things stems namely moves from the sphere of pro- from the fact that it is only duction, Marx would argue, the direct form of manifesta- the more likely he is to seize tion of relations that is re- upon differences and relation- flected in their brains and not ships which are transitory, con- their inner connection. Inciden- of fined to a given sphere i tally, if the latter were the and activity, even quite case, what would be the need ephemeral. A dialectical defini- of science?' (Marx, letter to tion of class must begin from Engels, June 27, 1867.) where the antagonistic rela- tions themselves originate, and Very often a definition will develop concepts which accur- be given which appears 'ob- trace of ately the reflection jective', even to the extent of this fundamental conflict.

taking Marx's into account In this way Marx's view of view and adding to it other

BBC 1

9.00-9.30 a.m. Nai zindagi-naya jeevan. 11.00-11.30 Seeing and 1.25-1.50 p.m. 1.59 News headlines. believing. Open rarming golf championship 1970. 2.30 Echoes of Llangollen. 3.15 Film: 'The Count of Monte Cristo'. With Robert Donat and Elissa Landi. 5.05 Life at large looks at The Golden States, modern California.

SHARI LEWIS SHOW.

5.55 NEWS and weather. 6.05 6.15

THE

ATHEIST

AND THE ARCHBISHOP. Marghanita Laski and Archbishop Anthony Bloom.

6.50

SONGS OF PRAISE.

7.25 PAUL TEMPLE. 'Murder in Munich'. Part ane.

8.15

KENNETH MORE FILM SESSION.

'Raising A Riot'. With Ken- neth More, Mandy Miller, Gary Billings and Fusty Bentinue.

naval commander comes home on leave and finds himself in charge of three lively children.

9.45 NEWS and weather.

OMNIBUS.

'Raymond Chandler-Down These Mean Streets A 9.55 Man Must Go'. 10.50 MY WORLD... AND WELCOME TO IT. 11.15 Weather.

REGIONAL BBC

All regions as BBC-I except: 3.40-4.10 He 4.35-5.05 WnO •ares. Maggie Smith's cinema 6.50-7 Midlands canu dechrat canmol. 9.55. trana "South And weste No h1.17 newadd dreland: Scotland, News, Wales: 3.15-3.40, 4.10-4.35 The Doctors.

wenther.

BBC

2 1.50-6.30 p.m. CRICKET. Leicestershire v Glamorgan.

7.00 NEWS review and weather. 7.25 CAROL BURNETT SHOW. With guests Trini Lopez and Nanette Fabray. 8.15 WORLD ABOUT US. Trans-African Hovercraft. Part one, 'Ten Days to Bamake'. 9.05 MUSIC ON 2. Don Quixote-fantastic variations on a theme of knightly character by Richard Strauss.

9.55 WHERE WAS SPRING? With Eleanor Bron and John Fortune.

10.20 THE WAY 'WE LIVE NOW. 'Nothing Ventured'.

11.05 NEWS SUMMARY, cricket scoreboard and weather.

11.15 LINE-UP.

ITV

11.00 a.m.-12 noon Service. 12.15 p.m. Sunday session. House repair.

1.05-1.20 Decimalization.

12.40 Families talking. 1.45 All our yes- terdays. 2.15 Sports arena. Tennis.

2.45 Big event. Tour de France.

3.15 Do your own London. A visit to Old Warden airfield where old airplanes are kept. 4.15 Joe. With Joe Brown, The New Temperance Seven, The Breakaways, The Shandy Gaff and Nina. 4.45 Golden shot. 5.30 Forest rangers.

6.00 POLICE 5. 6.15 NEWS.

6.15 'A

MAN AGAINST

HIS AGE'. Special adaptation of Jack Emery's play on the life and conversion of John Wesley.

7.00 STARS ON SUNDAY.

7.25 PLEASE SIR! 'They're Off'.

7.55 'THE PRODIGAL'. With Lana Turner, Edmund Purdon, Audrey The story of the Dalton, Louis Calhern and Neville Brand.

love with Samarra, High Prodigal Son Micah who fell in Priestess of the pagan Goddess of Love.

10.00 NEWS.

10.15 'TWELFTH NIGHT'. With Alec Guiness, Tommy Steele, Ralph Richardson and Joan Plowright. Shakespeare's comedy

REGIONAL ITV

2.13 tond Vap 312 london 30 on 3:30 apat. E sante 0 L0. Scarlet. 6. With Grattan's 'Battleground'. saatas yar Ricardo Hootak. Don London. and Bulge rie The MurDOY Engelbert Homperdinck show.r.

World Second Barker. 10 no l an don 21 Weter St . HESTe E 1 Cha nor except: 2.10 ao don biS SOUTHERN: 11.00-12.05 London. 12.15 Ryan y cate Alaska after the 2.45 esa Fary orlde was t0 determined Victor McLaglen and Luciana Paluzz: 10.00 London.

WORKERS PRESS

features, yet such definitions are used classifications as rather than as concepts which are part of a whole historical theory of society. Dahrendorf's refutation of Marx's theory of class, for example, proceeds from such a definition: "Thus we follow Sering in expecting the typical capitalist to be at the same time the legal owner of his factory, the practical manager of produc- tion, and the supreme com- mander of his workers." The class of capitalists will consequently consist of all these typical capitalists'. A highly convenient definition!

It then only remains to show that these 'typical' roles have been 'differentiated' in the last 100 years in order to refute the Marxist theory! The political role of a given class at particular stages of its economic and society's own development, the ideological characteristics of a given class and socilar stages of its own society's economic political development, the in- fluence upon both of these of struggle in other the class states at dissimilar stages of economic or political develop- • of these ment, etc. etc., each is a matter for detailed his- torical investigation in every particular case. Political But from what has been said it follows that the politi- cal and ideological representa- tive of a class will not neces- sarily speak with the 'average' consciousness of the individual members of that class, nor will he necessarily share the econo- mic way of life of its members.

A Marxist analysis will demonstrate the necessary direction and limits of the ob- jective economic and political role of the given classes, and interpret the political and ideological currents in society in relation to these. In 'The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte' Marx gives a classic illustration of this method. We shall suggest later its application to the question "middle classes' of the their role. (° Dahrendorf, op.. cit.)

Continued next Saturday.

ANGLIA:

11.00-12.45 London. 1.40 Weather. 1.45 Farming diary. 2.15 Show. Royal 3.15 Kenny Everett explosion. 3.45 University challenge. 5.15 London. 5.30 Tom Grattan's war. 6.00 London. 7.25 comedy: "The Horse's Mouth'. With Alec Guinness, Kay Walsh and Renee Houston. The misadventures of an eccentric artist.

9.00 Engelbert Humperdinck. 10.00 London. 12.10 Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS: 11.00-12.45 London.

1.40 Cannonball. 2.15 Royal Show. 3.15 'Kill Me Tomorrow'. With Lois O'Brien, Geor&Suspense : Coul- Maxwell, Pat Steele. ouris and Tommy 4.45 story about a Forest crime reporter. rangersTime 1 London. 5.30 6.00 London. 7.25 Film. "The Last Saw Archie'. With Jack Webb, Robert Martha Mitchum, Army comedy. 9.05 Saint. 10.00 Hyer France Nuyen. ( London. 11.15 10.15 Engelbert Humper- dinck. Man in a suitcase, weather. ULSTER: 12.15-1.05 London. 2.15 Lon- don. 3.15 Cartoon time. 3.20 Saint. 4.15 Universi Scarlet. 6.00 London. 7.25 challenge. 4.45 London. 5.30 Captain 8.15 Peyton Place. Movie: "Treasure Island'. With Wallace Berry and Jackie Louis SteVenson°s story: 10.00 London of Robert version Humperdinck. 11.15 Engelbert Moviemen. 1.05

YORKSHIRE: 11.00-12.40

London. 1.30 Yorkshire 100 years at school. 2.25 1.50 diary. matters. Farming Sport. 3.20 Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer'. Strange goings on at the Lost Caverns Hotel. 4.45 London. 5.30 7.25 Tom Grattan's war. 6.00 London. 8.20 Film: "The Gazebo'. Hawaii five-o. With Glenn Ford and Debbie Reynolds.

A mystery writer finds himself caught a real life mystery. 10.00 Lon- up in don. 12.15 Weather. London.

GRANADA:

11.00-12 noon 1.00 Archery. 12.35 Better driving. 1.25 All our yesterdays. 1,55 Inter- Sport. 3.20 Time calling. tunnel. 4.15 Univeron time. 5.35 H.R London. 5.30 Cartoon time.

7.25 Picture: London. Pufnstuf. 6.00 "Casanova Brown'. With Gary Cooper, Brown and Teresa Wright. Casanova about to marry receives a letter from a 9.00 Manhunt. 10.00 maternity home. London. 10.15 Post graduate

TYNE

TEES:

medicine. 11.00-12.15 London. 1.25 All 1.50 Farming outlook our yesterdays. 3.20 Matinee: •Tarzan and 2.20 Sport. the She-Devil'. With Lex Barker and London. Film: 4.45 5.30 Burr. Raymond London. 7.25 Stingray. 6.00 Moonlight'. With Anton "Dangerous Walbrook and Sally Gray. 9.05 Randall 10.00 Lon- Hopkirk (deceased). don. 11.15 Wayne and Shuster take an 12.10 W. affectionate look at Fall' "The Fields "Night Must and Prayer' by Maxwell Voice of read Deas.

BORDER:

11.00-12 noon London. 1.45 Diary. 1.50 12.15-12.45 London. 2.20 Sport. 3.20 Farmin4.15 Hogan's outlook. heroes. 4.45 LOn- Saint. Grattan's war. 6.00 5.30 Tom don. "The Jungle'. London. 7.55 Beauty With Ian Hendry, Janette Scott, Ronald 10.00 Edmund Purdom. Fraser anc London. 12.05 Epilogue. 1.25 SCOTTISH: 12.15-12.45 London.

gress. 2.55 No easy answer. 2.50 Saint.

yesterdays. 1.55 All our challenge. Lon- University Grattan's war. 6.00 Lon- don. 5.30 Tom Teacher's Pet'. don. 7.55 Feature: and With Can Young. 10.00 London. 12.15 Late Clark Gable, Doris GRAMPIAN: 12.10-12.40 London. 1.25 All our 1.55 Farm pro- Sport. 4.10 gress. 6.00 London. London. 5.30 Flintstones.

7.55 Cinema: "The VIPs'. 10.00 London.

12.10 Why, Oh Why. An

A REUENI ISS

Monde' published quesuonnaire Czecnoslovak car in service on Apri Completion and une results are to me personal l soldier asKs ove questions covering 1900-190% ana, In demand dent of each perso for during with evidence to account It also asks abou WHEN Stalinist m days these sounds The was wh Marchais, notes czecnoslovak regin Available from A

Saturday July 11, 1970 ditions or relative stability, its contradictions and its change into its opposite. By way of example, contrast this Marxist view with an- other approach to social strati- fication which is often des- cribed as 'objective' in charac- ter, viz., classification of the population by size of income (whether this be the sole or one of several 'abjective char- acteristics' taken into account).

In the first place, Marx's theory is strictly speaking not one of 'stratification', but of by which the the process forces of transformation of one form of society into an- other are necessarily born and develop (and, as a by-product, how the ruling class is able for a considerable period to ensure a relative equilibrium or modus vivendi between the contending forces). Secondly, differences in size of income divide men as in- dividuals from each other just as surely within a given class as across class lines.

'The size of one's purse is a purely quantitative differ- ence, by which any two in- dividuals of the same class may be brought into con- flict'. Magnitudes The last point may emerge more clearly if posed in an- other way: the magnitudes of individual incomes form a series, more or less a con- tinuum, and each income is, without doubt, an • 'objective' datum; but the points at which 'class' lines are drawn horizon- tally across this continuum is an entirely subjective matter decided by the analyst; no matter where a line is drawn, it is evident that many indi- viduals on different sides of it will have more in common than each of them has with others included with him in the same "class'. In other words, despite the 'objective' criterion (size of income here used, the term 'class' has only the significance of 'classification' according to the requirements of the inves- tigator. (And for such purely sub- Marx. 'Die Moralisierende Kritik' (1847) cited by Bottomore and Rubel op. cit., p. 202) HARLECH: 12.45 Skippy. 1.10 London 5.15 Robin hood. 5.45 London. 5.50 Voyage to the bottom of the sea. 6.45 London. 7.15 Western: "Pony Express'. With Charlton Heston and Rhonda ming Cutta Buffalo Bill Cody and Wild Bill commis- are sioned to establish the Pony Express.

9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 London. 10.10 Cinema: "The 'hapman Report' With Jane Fondailynis laire Bloom, Shelley Minters. Johns and frem Zimbalist Ir. Resea, hers move into a suburb of Los Angeles to con- duct a sex survey. 12.15 Weather.

HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 6.45-7.15 Hyd a lled. AN Branded. 6.15 The sky's the laid

ANGLIA: 12.55

Seaway. 1.10 London. 6.45 London. "The Power the Prize'. Robert Taylor With and Elisabeth Mueller. A young executive involved in deal meets a shady an attractive European refugee.

9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 London. 10.10 Name the 11.35 game. All our yester- days. 12.05 Reflection.

ATV

MIDLANDS:

12.45 Captain Scarlet. 1.10 London. 5.15 Jokers wild.

and Vic- 5.45 London. 5.50 Albert toria. 6.20 Adventure: "Tarzan and the Amazons'. 7.35 Name of -the game. O'Connor. 9.00 Des 10.00 London. Night Saturday night theatre. Twelfth ULSTER: 1.10 London, 5.45 News. 5.50 Laredo. 6.45 Film: Monty's Double'. With John Mills and Cecil Parker. An unknown actor poses as General Montgomery during the last war. 8.25 Sports results. 8.30 Albert O'Connor. and Victoria. 9.00 Des 10.00 London. Theatre.

YORKSHIRE:

11.30 Archery. 11.55 Floris. 12.20 Huckleberry Finn. 12.45 Woobinda. 1.10 London. 5.15 Big valley. 6.10 News. 6.15 The sky's the limit. 6.45 "The Inspector' With Stephen Boyd and Dolores Hart. 8.30 Albert and Victoria. 9.00 Des O'Con- 10.00 London. 10.10 Name of the nor. game. Midnight weather. GRANADA: 11.50 House repairs. 12.15 Better triving. 12.40 1.10 Stingray. Flipper. London. ≤ 45 News § 50 Laurel and Hardy 6.05 Cartoon time. 6.15 Des O'Connor. 7.15 Tough •Blackbeard the Pirate'. With Robert Newton. Linda Darnell and Keith The King of England Andes. destruction. orders Blackbeard's 9.00 Callan. 10.00 London. 10.15 Man in a suitcase. 11.10 London. TYNE TEES: 12.40 Joe 90. 1.10 Lon- don. 5.50 Laredo. 6.45 London. 8.15 "That Kind of Woman'. With Film: ophia Loren and Tab Hunter 10.0 ondon. 12.10 Enilogue T. yesterdays.

BORDER.

12.20 All our 12,.43 Captain Scarlet. London. 5.50 Joe. 6.29 Branded. 6.45 Kenny Everett explosion. 7.15 London 8.15 "Three Violent People', With Charlton Baxter. Trappers, Heston and Anne gamblers and carpetbaggers in Dallas, Texas, after the American Civil War.

game. IT.35 Two-shot goName of the 10.00 London. 10.10 SCOTTISH: 12.30 Wind in the will wis 12.45 Mr London. Bonanza. News. 6.15 The Richard Attenborough, Crest and Mi can Cal Colore Gregson and Michael Crair. 8.30 Albert and Victoria 1010 Late CaiC10.5 Movie: "Somewhere I'll Find You. With Clark Gable and Lana Turner.

CROWS AN:45

12.30 Wind in the willows. Skippy. 1.10 London. 5.50 Bonanza. 6.45 Movie: •Ace in the Hole'. 8.30 Albert and Victoria. 9.00 Des O'Connor. 10.00 London. 10.10 Movie: "I Want to Live'. With Susan Hayward. jective purposes, Parsons' in- class is inseparable from his sistence that virtually historical any materialist theory starting-point will do must be of base and superstructure.

accepted.) For Marx, a 'class' is not an of all those with aggregate Outgrowth similar incomes or even but sessions, consists those with a similar property relation to the means of pro- duction, and Marx, on the other hand, thereby to other classes who stand in a different classes as the outgrowth relation. The of the basic needs of society's property sphere of consumption production, and seeks a theory is secondary, derived. A scientific class which expresses the concept will indicate actual relation, in develop- the derivation development, ment, between the classes. and not Certainly the classes marize the end-product. Socio- lated to each other, opposed logists who proceed in the latter manner would qualify for to each other, in every sphere of social life, including the treatment given to the

LENIN

bourgeois most remote realms of ide- in Vol. economists III of 'Capital', in which ology, and the investigator may of choose to select any one •... it wilk be shown what these sets of relations. the Philistine's and vulgar economist's way of looking at But the further he away things stems from, namely moves from the sphere of pro- from the fact that it is only duction, Marx would argue, the direct form of manifesta- the more likely he is to seize tion of relations that is re- upon differences and relation- flected in their brains and not ships which are transitory, con- their inner connection. Inciden- fined to a given sphere of if the latter tally, the were and activity, even quite case, what would be the need ephemeral. A dialectical defini- of science?' (Marx, letter to tion of class must begin from Engels, June 27, 1867.) where the antagonistic rela- tions themselves originate, and Very often a definition develop concepts which accur- will be given which ately trace the appears 'ob- reflection of jective', even to the extent of this fundamental conflict.

taking account Marx's Into In this way Marx's view of view and adding to it other

BBC 1

9.00-9.30 a.m. Nai zindagi-naya jeevan. 11.00-11.30 Seeing and believing. 1.25-1.50 p.m. Farming. 1.59 News headlines.

2.00 Open 1970. 2.30 Echoes of Llangollen.

golf championship 3.15 Film: 'The Count of Monte Cristo. With Robert Donat and Elissa Landi. 5.05 Life at large looks at The Golden States, modern California.

5.55

SHARI LEWIS SHOW.

6.05 NEWS and weather. 6.15

THE

ATHEIST

AND

THE ARCHBISHOP. Marghanita Laski and Archbishop Anthony Bloom.

6.50

SONGS OF PRAISE.

7.25 PAUL TEMPLE. 'Murder in Munich'. Part ane.

8.15

KENNETH MORE FILM SESSION.

'Raising A Riot'. With Ken- neth More, Mandy Miller, Gary Billings and Fusty Bentinue. A naval commander comes home on leave and finds himself in charge of three lively children.

9.45 NEWS and weather.

9.55 OMNIBUS.

'Raymond Chandler-Down These Mean Streets A Man Must Go'. 10.50 MY WORLD... AND WELCOME TO IT. 11.15 Weather.

REGIONAL BBC

All regions as BBC-1 except: 3.40-4.10 He 4.35-5.05 smith sho dares. cinema Midlands Ang Were No 11.07 South News, Scotland. Wales: 3.15-3.40, 4.10-4.35 The Doctors.

reland. weather

BBC 2

1.50-6.30 p.m. CRICKET. Leicestershire v Glamorgan.

7.00 NEWS review and weather. 7.25 CAROL BURNETT SHOW. With guests Trini Lopez and Nanette Fabray. WORLD ABOUT US. Trans-African Hovercraft. Part 8.15 one, 'Ten Days to Bamake'. 9.05

MUSIC ON 2.

Don Quixote-fantastic variations on a theme of knightly character by Richard Strauss.

WHERE WAS SPRING? With Eleanor Bron and John Fortune.

9.55 10.20 THE WAY WE LIVE NOW. 'Nothing Ventured'.

11.05 NEWS SUMMARY, cricket scoreboard and weather.

11.15 LINE-UP.

11.00 a.m.-12 noon Service. 12.15 p.m. Sunday session. House repair.

12.40 Families 1.05-1.20 Decimalization.

terdays. 2.15 Sports arena.

Tennis. 2.45 Big 3.15 Do your own London. A visit to Old Warden airfield where old airplanes are kept. 4.15 Joe. With Joe Brown, The New Temperance The Breakaways, The Shandy Gaff and

6.00 POLICE 5. 6.15 NEWS.

MAN AGAINST HIS AGE. Special Emery's play on the life and conversion of John Wesley.

PLEASE SIR! 'They're Off'.

With Lana Turner, Edmund Purdon, Audrey Louis Calhern Priestess of the pagan Goddess of Love.

'TWELFTH NIGHT'. With Alec Guiness, Tommy Steele, Ralph Richardson and Joan Plowright. Shakespeare's comedy.

REGIONAL ITV

CHANNEL:

London. 2.13 3.15 Golf 1. 20th er tips.

DOTT

30 London. Grattan's zondon Holden Wiliam Don and Tavlor 10.00 London Engelbert Humperdinck show. Avengers, 12.05 Epilogue weather

WESTWARD

A Sacha Ch or extep 12:15 12.05

HARLECH:

Weather. Sport. versity challenge Grattan's

OUTHERN: 11.00-12.05

Ice Carpon. and Weather. Burton Victor Metalen and tan as returns to nrogress War Stanleu Norld Raker 10.00 London

WORKERS PRESS

teatures, yet such definitions classifications are used as rather than as concepts which are part of a whole historical theory of society. Dahrendorf's refutation of Marx's theory of class, for example, proceeds from such a definition: 'Thus we follow Sering in expecting the typical capitalist to be at the same time the legal owner of his factory, the practical manager of produc- tion, and the supreme com- mander of his workers." The class of capitalists will consequently consist of all these typical capitalists'. A highly convenient definition! It then only remains to show that these 'typical' roles have been 'differentiated' in the last 100 years in order to refute the Marxist theory! The political role of a given class at particular stages of its and society's own economic development, the ideological characteristics of a given class at particular stages of its own economic and society's political development, the in- fluence upon both of these of the class struggle in other states at dissimilar stages of economic or political develop- ment, etc. etc., each of these is a matter for detailed his- torical investigation in every particular case. Political But from what has been said it follows that the politi- cal and ideological representa- tive of a class will not neces- sarily speak with the 'average' consciousness of the individual members of that class, nor will he necessarily share the econo- mic way of life of its members.

A Marxist analysis will demonstrate the necessary direction and limits of the ob- jective economic and political role of the given classes, and interpret the political and ideological currents in society in relation to these. In "The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte' Marx gives a classic illustration of method. We shall suggest later its application to the question 'middle classes' of the and their role. (° Dahrendorf, op. cit.) Continued next Saturday. and ANGLIA: Weather show. 110 Farming dary: 2.19 FarminKenny 1.45 2.15 Royal 3.15 Everett 3.45 University challenge.

explosion: London. 5.30 Tom Grattan's 6.00 London. 7.25 war. comedy: "The Horse's Mouth'. With Alec Guinness, Walsh and Renee Houston. Kay The misadventures an eccentric artist. 9.00 Engelbert Humperdinck. 10.00 London. 12.10 Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS: 11.00-12.45 London 1.40 Cannonball. 2.15 Royal Show. 3.15 'Kill Me Tomorrow'. With Lois Maxwell, Pat O'Brien, George Coul- ouris and Tommy Steele. Suspense story about a crime reporter. 4.45 London. 5.30 Forest rangers. 6.00 London. 7.25 Film. "The Last Time I Saw Archie'. With Jack Webb, Robert Mitchum, Martha Hyer and France Nuyen. Army comedy. 9.05 Saint. 10.00 London. 11.15 10.15 Engelbert Humper- dinck. Man in a suitcase, weather. ULSTER: 12.15-1.05 London. 2.15 Lon- 3.15 Cartoon 3.20 don. time. Saint. 4.15 University challenge. 4.45 London. 5.30 Captain Scarlet. 6.00 London. 7.2: Peyton 8.15 Place. Movie: Treasure Island'. With Wallace Berry and Jackie Cooper, The 1934 version of Robert Louis Stevenson's story. 10.00 London. 10.15 Engelbert Humperdinck. 11.15 Moviemen. YORKSHIRE: 11.00-12.40 London.

1.05 100 at school. 1.30 Yorkshire years matters. 1.50 Farming diary. 2.25 Sport. 3.20 'Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer'. Strange goings on at the Lost Caverns Hotel. 4.45 London. 5.30 Tom Grattan's war. 6.00 London. 7.25 Hawaii five-o. 8.20 Film: "The Gazebo'.

With Glenn Ford and Debbie Reynolds.

A mystery writer finds himself caught real life mystery. 10.00 up in a Lon- don. 12.15 Weather. GRANADA: 11.00-12 noon London. 12.35 Better driving. 1.00 Archery. yesterdays. 1.55 Inter- 1.25 All our 2.20 Time pol calling. Sport. 3.20 tunnel. 4.15 University challenge. 4.45 London. 5.30 Cartoon time 5.35 H.R. 7.25 Picture: Pufnstuf. 6.00 London. 'Casanova Brown'. With Gary Cooper, and Teresa Wright. Casanova Brown about to marry receives a letter from a Manhunt. 10.00 maternity home. 9.00 London.

TYNE

TEES:

10.15 Post graduate medicine. 11.00-12.15 London. 1.25 All our yesterdays, Matinee: "Tarzan and 1.50 Farming outlook. 2.20 Sport. the She-Devil'. With Lex Barker and 4.45 London. Film: Burt. London. Raymond 5.30 Stingray. 6.00 7.25 "Dangerous Moonlight'. With Anton Walbrook and Sally Gray. 9.05 Randall 10.00 Lon- and Hopkirk (deceased). don. 11.15 Wayne and Shuster take an 12,10 W. affectionate look at C. t Fall' •Night "The Fields Must and Voice of Prayer' read by Maxwell Deas.

BORDER:

11.00-12 London. noon 12.15-12.45 London. 1.45 Diary. 1.50 3.20 Farming outlook. 2.20 Sport. Saint. 4.15 Hogan's heroes. 4.45 Lon- Tom, The Grattan's don. 5.30 war. 6.00 London. 7.55 Beauty Jungle'. With lan Hendry, Janette Scott, Ronald Purdom. 10.00 Fraser and Edmund London. 12.05 Epilogue. SCOTTISH: 12.15-12.45 London. 1.25 yesterdays. 1.55 3reSS 2.55 No easy answer. 2.50 Saint.

All our challenge. Lon- University don. 5.30 Tom Grattan's war. 6.00 Lon- don. 7.55 Feature: "Teacher's Pet' Doris Call. GRAMPIAN: 12.10-12.40 London. 1.25 Endon rinissones ministones serondon.

Seaway. Sport. 7.55 Cinema: 'The VIPs'. 10.00 London, 12.10 Why, Oh Why.

RECENT

A issue of Le cal activities the other soldiers in the unit, and about Monde' published in full a relations with foreign soldiers in Czechoslovakia. questionnaire sent to all Czechoslovak career soldiers What stands out is that the embarked regime have on in service on April 1 (!).

Completion is compulsory and the results are to be added to the personal file of each soldier. It asks over 50 detailed questions covering the years 1968-1969, and, in effect, is a demand for complete ac- count of each person's political conduct during the period, with evidence to support the account. It also asks about the politi- Prague 1968: Soviet tank WHEN Stalinist meets Stalin- of the French Communist Party headed a recent Party ist these days silence re- delegation to Rome for talks sounds. with Enrico Berlinguer of the Italian Party. Thus it was when Georges Marchais, who handed The 'exchanges' over tand, Wil we notes on Dubcek the understand, are given to Czechoslovak regime on behalf and friendly'. Georges Marchais GA

ARI

FOR WEEKS detectives and forensic experts have been investigating the mysterious death of Eugenie Niarchos, wife of shipping millionaire Stavros Niarchos. Their slow has progress been attributed not to the in- trinsic difficulty of the case, but to the fact that it looks set fair, unless handled with the greatest "delicacy, to in- Son Phillippos volve the military junta itself.

Available from New Park Publications, 186A Clapham High St., Lo

PAGE THREE

gathering, colossal task The army questionnaire is ot checking and comparing apparently typical of those that in- formation in order to be able have been sent to many types to identify almost anyone who of State employee, university wants to hide his support for staffs and so on. reforms and his opposition to the Soviet invasion. Mountain This mountain of paper, now being inspected and sorted by reformed Security Services under the close supervision of Soviet 'experts', is a tribute to the continuing resistance to the bureaucracy. Only by checking on every- one, all the time, can Stalinists hope to maintain any political control. And there can be no doubt that the questionnaires will all be read with a view to use in 1968: Sovlet tanks future frame-up trials. Equally, of course, they were slovakia appeared in the fag- held behind closed doors.

At end of columns, without com- the end a joint communiqué ment. was issued which had nothing But 'L'Humanité', organ of to. say about Czechoslovakia the French Party, maintains its whatsoever. 'discretion' to the last.

As is well known, the two Not, of that the parties have their differences course, French. lack the Italians' vali- on the subject. ant desire for 'respectability'.

Wooing But, facing the political challenge of the French Trot- Since the Italian regional skyists, and searching ques- elections the Party has been tions from many militant wooing the Socialist leaders the French Stalinists workers, for local coalitions, and have want to leave themelves a free even condemned the expulsion hand to endorse purge trials of Dubcek from the Czech CP in Czechoslovakia while they in 'Unita', the Party daily- -a collaborate with the police change from months against those they slander as ago, when news from Czecho- 'fascists of the left' in Paris.

Niarchos Eugenie married Livanos in 1947, and with the help of her father, Stavros Livanos, was able to build his immense fleet. Companies playground he has built on his private island Spetsopoula.

Today he owns 40 shipping It is frequented by King companies, tankers and freighters with a total tonnage Constantine and consort, the Rothschilds, Alfred Krupp and of 2.5 million tons. wealthy German playboy Apart from his ships, his Gunther Sachs. pride and joy is the millionaire Another visitor was Charlotte, daughter of Henry Ford, to whom Niarchos was married--for once 15 months. It was Spetsopoula that on Eugenie died, on May 3, after violent row between the couple over Niarchos' associa- tion with model Jeanette Strass.

Aside from his family mis- Niarchos fortunes, is one of the most important props of the dictatorship. He plans to invest $200 million in the country in the next few years. Aflame To his economic patriotism aflame the colonels have (according a recent report in the W German maga- zine 'Der Spiegel') come to the following gentlemen's agree- ment: Niarchos will hand over the directorship of his busi- ness empire to his 18-year-old Phillippos, son for assuming himself the title of honorary president. 2) The will government allow the investigation to con- tinue, but undertake to lay no murder charges. They will raise nothing more serious than an accusation of neglected res- onsibility' (punishable by ut o one year's imprisonment) High St., London, SW4. ) At a later stage all pro eedings will be dropped fo lack of evidence'.

PAGE FOUR

SOVEX

• FROM PAGE ONE

which the sit productivity refused to discuss, led vicaks, ipgrading or mates miller men's work' mater to be allowed to carry out interchangeable; intro- pay' merl sustem and reduction of the ratio mates ot skiled Also included was a pro- posal to out the IF THE French workers in May-June 1968 sick-pay scheme. prepare to ship and is in shattered completely the mythical invincibility discus- facilitate of the Gaullist regime and opened a new and orael

SONS

onus oroposais ane tumultuous era in French history, then in Britain the eve or the strike made a tentative otter ota further 15s in return for the too the working class, without having to wait cutting-out of one tea-break.

ten years, will soon be faced with similar Not for sale problems. 'Our position right from the Given correct political stall. sdys ConyenOr Smith, was That une com- leadership, and learning inancial situator By concern and the French was nwn from experi- that none of the rights and the British workers Cliff we'd ence for many years were for will not only defeat the sale.e. Slaughter Tories but also put an end just refused to dis- their plans with them.' to the system which breeds

CUSS

Атет Toryism. com- weers strire the pany offered further As the trade union and -making all Labour leaders go to right, and that flux, are it the stewardey in the kitty basic' ally the because the stewards would only and econoare

COSTS

The

CISCUSS

their change the scheme tion for which is respon it mollifying the Har from stewards, this enraged the is only in such circum- and some that develop- stances 'The company had wanted officials. working-class

MICHES

conse ousness Take bace absorb into its опет radical nhrasemongering and correct ane unree-vear comestic 'trade tics in the building ment Tor mise each contade needershiphe to win the which obstruct the growth of concluded December, confidence revolutionary

TORO

essential theory. Marxists. Meanwhile Vintarc. questions for It is not Armstrong's nearby Cray- enouch simply to It is essential for the revolu- there is a deepen. the management that ICOCaL tionary penetrate it is fearing a explosion CriSIS urgent to act innuence win. ano learn trom 1968 package ignored the an o we mUSt intensi every aver of the woriring our activity. deal and conceded a class drawn into Proceeding from the objec- particularly the youth sunnes TISe with the to a develop. shoo stewards there. tive relationshin class Marxism forces, including own ment Determined strength and weaknesses, tendency objective i ne fight for development the movenent and expedence Hence the Sovex offer. Marxism our of the masses is undoubtedl with official

AEF

Rant the changes taking the lett. against that of the backing, Grooming financial Labour and trade union the workers move. support leaders. ment. shelving the of the a state Orientation in this fight is of company s producavity oro- consciousness the nirst nrereduisite Dosas and such a demon. mean inevitable loes nOl To bring the employing-class stration the nonne development the solidarity working the laccons consciousness Sovex Sined to sike suran den strikers six years Wilson's onvern. That is precisely the respon ment is vital, but it depends sibility the Marxists, the first absolutely hAre should reason why they torical a success. these six ' ful defeat the struggle means years. They show the final bank- ruintey. ever terms of reform-

SUBSCRIBE NOW

ism and of Stalinism. This brat before e. and the political стете political nro- duced by this hankrunter development of this objective reality. We must understand work part this reality struggle of opposites at a new level has done Social democrack its most direct carvice to the monopolies precisely by hand- ing power back to big busi- in crisis to hit back working class and trade retormist narti Reformism was necessary as of capitalist rule because of of the Unde working class. tions not be thai strened could not smashed, it has actually consolidated. power is Warring race is no way out of the economic crisis except But here is the contradic tion. Full subseriotion Two editions (For any two daye OR sol to for three months Changes £4 a your politicat ch outs in ee waite this outcome, definite am: High siren, London, stal: 07-72-20009 Post Clanham not a question onlv building resources and _.-..-- i for but I would like to subscribe to Workers: Press for ical change Name In the basis of correct pol fors to unite the working class Address government and their allies ir working-clas or me masses to our sections policies correct fighting unity are the only wor • Topiac splitting off sec- workers basis of arrest only on theori nanaramm

FREE DEBATE CALL

period of crisis is one charac.

Rumanian president Nicolae torinod bv the worid expected turns situa- Cause i bate day. world Revolutionary able to movement to communist changes, including those Marvism-Ieninism and rate bring which come not anly from th it into Tina with nou direct eynerienes of the wan according to a report ina noce hut slan farm rom Vienn nolitical His plea follows the signing.

tions ive-veal workers. Rumania tre Use which The role of the daily embodied the Workers Press is to build in Ayany stone the monogener background and development Ress in the work as an of a differed in Soviet-Czech treaty frene the Soviet-Czech -Czech situathon outh this kind favourable extreme v the Pops dbl of training Monrict among the youth.

WORKERS PRESS

Saturday July 11, 1970 The second of two articles- the first of which appeared yesterday AS DURHAM miners march on their Gala day, more than one in seven has his lungs coated with killer dust. in ticus this programme se available

FROM JACK GAL:

The latest ascuss unis programme di figures (1969) show that National Coal 17.1 per cent in N Durham stench, to the stre 12.9 cent in minut th and per S Durham have some cate- gory of pneumoconiosis. National Secretary Lawrence 2.6 pe and 10.1 percent i of the N Du Duran have simple ed he as reared tol Firmness with th motor car workers Tory government.

RUNDOWN

Party provide a lead Communis solidation had Taken placcon- The officials ne pistole necessa: to The mu behalen deo to under- particular come No mention Morning during the last year are available ard eles over pay, condition nd they moments a wide Communis a deers to real Die sele orkers Press, is to anticipat amployers and their to th to tis leader quited in the dership is re- ment Demand 'Star' edi- Miners is then at the wail section rades fool ances nothing forward for miner programme hat We brand this as consciou with increases in the cacnery to te aocker tries to private capital certain

FIGHT BACK

• Seven-hour massive attacks distortion Roverni face, excluding meal breaks.

prepared Stop all interest pay. workers to the have to because and the Workers Pres Get rid of the Nationa Board bi Workers' control of the NuM conference on t workers battle against The working one in te an a nat Wioined. was passed der Tories will use embarrass th shop stewards as part of a Democratize the NUM 1 Corobs revolutionary Serious nationalization While standing firm against Tories can br readers and al section intimidation comities to selecte self-appointed

BUS

meetings. No agreements mass

DISPUTES

agreement of mass meetings.

i a secutive ana • Fight to bring down the end 1,200 Tory government Union all the All Trades authority The miners' section of the The as been an

SOME

shoFelephones from in Ulster as well. yesterday nobbie lante the Jersey strikers the 1927 Mond Turner era of the ultimatum is • collaboration an Stay our meets compulsory arbitration.

SIX

HUNDRED Rhondda

BY A WORKERS PRESS

sul Monday.port-back meeting Driven back s were "fading

CORRESPONDENT

ployers and one tory he em- Marsal Sir Tornor Air Chief official said that were incensed OVeT Railmen call Traffic for 25p.c. meeting and to meet again talks with THE National Union of Rail-

MANCHESTER

a swine workers, dust

WEATHER

crease for its 190,000 members

LENIN LECTURES

struggle of the wages Tand: Sumay Entervals and par de made at the out for their full 43 claim.

scattere to ayr e2o a week. The has Max. 20C unions nglish Revolution General sel

DUL NUR

that here he Socialist About would be , compensation ali under such a rise.

ALL TRADES

control and the the com

UNIONS ALLIANCE

'France headed for civil war' rendernizations.

MEETINGS

-Sartre interview ay: Lead. which are often atrocious "The factories, he says erl Pol ng French intellectual

FOREIGN COYRESPONDENT

• No compromise in the and the Tory oking insa must prepare to fight. Kelect Devlin now! the ialls om French television who bannes or the lor from ticular, live in government to resign! are on tie sel.