Workers Press no. 343

HOOVER

What we think IlI Mosley's footsteps?

WHAT

WAS the faithful? No ordinary demo for sure.

Five ent mine the dingy streets of with the Bishop walked the Bobby! Theist pomasterious hind was top willian ›, chief of the ins orani cinde on ethical 10,000. of Black- Perhaps the state 10000 Or woried aboute his flock whis fibrere the work lungs. stroy the Lancae county's unemployed? maint we or discerned so the The dis- ber of pe inform to a code of con- duct'. The within sains the enemy *rations when opera an coppers ge Stamped: "Lancashire? establish ine El sian fa. based on th sale demonste These shall omen lion an and hope the i Hodd of Blackburn) sea in Mr Paisley's band?

about palay ho sel their a from Mory laid the is dissimilar A self-cors nation, God and But his torts fell entirely on shop the ba Let d the Bishor success every- The daily paper that leads the fight against the Tory government

MONDAY JANUARY 4, 1971 @ NUMBER 343

PRICE 6d 2)p)

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLE ICKI

GAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

The Devey affair committee has described the FEW worthwhile answers

BY DAVID MAUDE

can be expected trom the promised union investiga- t3.000 acceptea Dy tion of the recent seven- hat blas. one vers t week reinstatement strike touch

NOTORIOUS

whethe d's batchelor s

SEP

an at all lays Foods plant. не по до or the co district ae that its of the mainly concerned is that exoreshere district sack. -faced ence

11 ALO UTT

DISCUSSIONS

this casse s on CP polita en is of the Chors secretary prepares

ALEXANDRA

-The irish same wet area token

PALACE

NATIONALISM, 'honest' money and big officer into the dispute from blows for the working class. These politi- initiative for this is said nd By John cal planks filched from the platforms of

WOODGREEN N22 I4 FEB

have from charge соли в Batchelor's Spencer previous capitalist dictatorships have strike become stock-in trade of the lowing extreme Hill was not aw the local right-wing Tory Enoch Powell.

Decen In yesterday's 'Sunday Express' volving the DEP London stewards he writes that: to call

OT SIEPHEN JOHNS

easy of ceasing to inflate if the al secr robes and unemployment that i the 1de demand strike A DANGEROUS belief that the and down went ahead Tory government were not serious withyrst cured that wayipe-dream in their drive to smash the work- on Jan 12 the ai our and the misery ing class was the biggest single problem facing youth in Britain today, Aileen Jennings, editor of terms involving a money offer. 'Keep Left' told a rally of young workers and students on Saturday.

TELEPHONE

Be in contact with oh be •"You're Reporting the year's progress of the been telephone di

IDC NEURPR

soclanst youth montniy at the Keep Left 20th Annual General Meeting. she two ask 1, Powell is talking the warned une packed audience to beware

• PAGE FOUR COL. 1

Keep Left editary In emmance vas the report national of complacency. 'was out s to smash thee demagogy Feather money'. For the Cuts for a gianta ti-Tory rally sees he says. Health Service,

TORY

прове. * ні circulation press employment.

PLAN

Some of the T&GWU Region 1 members leaving the meeting.

strikers

BY A WORKERS PRESS CORRESPONDENT

A DEMAND that the Trades No contest Union Congress call a 1 30 5 2 Er 1570 51050 TORY denationalization plans may be coming to a head in behind- By an industrial correspondent •down to is foundations. hour oflicial General Strike or the scenes discussions between the government, the Bank of England in Castle- LONDON, SUNDAY: Mr anuary voiced and big business. Victor Feather, Transport and General The talks are aimed general Carr debate Workers' shop stewaras secretary, today and implementing Bengal branch secretaries in London No Tory joy met leaders _ ol lne scheme this year to sell Sabout ever strike yesterday. terror oncial journalists Bill a d stakes ın state indus- for postmen the Sun and Dally tries to speculators at along continues Mirror. knock-down prices. Office Corestate on the Pos Barbara Castle sand art th A MOST two people baded Alexandra Palace on Februar workers is weck or is 0. 1o stare dennis. announced half their 15 to 20 per time further confer Heath Powerful determination to remove Feather Sydney dockers Bible be mike amendment transformed There we were a discus- 'black' Greek like those di dustme launcheeks ago, meetings A IeW liner Tenstratier January 12. Tor hopposals, st coPoaches had already been introduced in i Bengal As attempt to se are oncal onio cover my dead body ' made union Anti-strike law used

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4

healthy, he sai whole will be against NY firemen ame remark

TUC CHARADE

He added:

ENGINEERS

cause of a or a in a contract that got the sac Post offe Trying, THE RETREAT of the Trade will be spent or ized to in the Seen o ceived summonses as York inion officials chief Lord Hall and Wales. Stact entered tes stand day mains o chartered be prohibiting public families coate of the ban is tay because aCe general secretary the York Viett A cation leaders union all seated to th raterery, orde electricity shire Durantal of the trade union * a be some notes ate yesterday Generating Bo at will pene the dantesult Cout Have to. ando the South, and adly- need cabinet in Ki will he minor to re i birly an has homes the idence that not Midkshire, crisis over the Burgos to Robestand his Bi escape navourable t neip him firemen have rejected. the government's attacks.

sentences

MAY

INS

What we think Mosley's footsteps? faithfulekend of the 10,000 No ordinary demo for sure.

Evile minority aware ted munity to the cathedral to pray. plain-clothes propaganda organized ther mora worried about all our She is walked the Sul most Bith th modern-day This God and Progress was ani sa kinds or eizics 00,000S concerned a state n pre-frst World war Bishop ungs. Were they the Shinty's unemployed? No, ine to be the Ber of people wa duntorm to a code of con against igneste curred reveale 1 ne when coppers get Hey she resid oh coin fa. based Could there Sea in Mr Paisley's More uttied the 19 disimilar Ase-contras nation, God and It his efforts fell entirely rren grour The daily paper that leads the INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • MONDAY JANUARY 4, 1971 • NUMBER 343 PRICE ba (2*0

RGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

The Devey affair

FEW

worthwhile answers

BY DAVID MAUDE

can be expected trom the promised union investiga- £3.000 le for buck- tion of the recent seven- week reinstatement strike Batchelor's Sheffield's

NULUKOUS

Foods plant. cooke co district She leaders tests dis- the Stalin- sossibly ts own innocence of tal

DDISCUSSIUNS

is isse ns ust Chape taken he Union: members of the Un Devey himselt. me in the evade we of atreat December • bring pro NATIONALISM, 'honest' money and big blows for the working class. These politi- dispute from By John this cal planks filched from the platforms of

WOODGREEN N22 I4 FEB

this Spencer capitalist dictatorships have previous stock-in trade of become the record. extreme right-wing Tory Enoch Powell.

ber ich to act bet In yesterday's 'Sunday Express' London stewards he writes that: fficial were *After slipping and slipping 30 vears

BY SIEPHEN JOHNS

bankrupte and engingment that Ramelson, secretary lol demand strike A DANGEROUS belief that the is The idea of Slowing down so smoothly Tory government were not serious ahead in their drive to smash the work- on Jan 12 ing class was the biggest single nation and Be problem facing youth in Britain and bring today, Aileen Jennings, editor of to theist ate commoter. ee terms 'Keep Left' told a rally of young cured

TELEPHONE

workers and students on Saturday.

Devey is known Reporting the year's progress of the i real herd, ring ein the 'Keep socialist youth monthly at 14), LeIl Luth Annual General Meeting she advice two warned the packed audience to beware talking the *Keep Lette etor len emiage ivan her taport. YS national

PAGE FOUR COL. 1

of complacency'. The is to smash the was out to health and Social services: 17e Feather ind social Cuts for sees

TORY

Raise

KEEI

press

PLAN

bank- 5s. Dismember some of the lauwu kegion 1 members leaving the meeting.

ruptcy courts. strikers i ser meney. put value

BY A WORKERS PRESS CORRESPONDENT

A DEMAND that the Trades No contest anshich is TORY denationalization plans may be coming to a head in behind.

Union Congress | call a By an Industrial correspondent 1l84,520° 20b. hour official General Strike on British tish dapital. the scenes discussions between the government, the Bank of England in Castle- struggle by January 12 LUNDON. SUNDAY' Mi and big business. ise editorial board 30,000 was

YUILCU

TUC

Victor. Feather. Transport The talks are aimed Carr debate Workers' shop stewards and cost basi secretary, today general scheme pies eat to sell Bengal branch secretaries in London Implementing met leaders of the un- No Tory joy strike yesterday. terror stakes in state indus- ompart Well Finnes for postmen on the 'Sun' and Daily tries continues lo speculators Mirror. knock-down prices. me on Fidak. the Pres stroma pressure timo use sation is Le stated alace on Februa Castle said Mit to result Rumours that Coal Board comrade Jennings this to ot be onsted in d few months wae deans les: han radio Platform sit Robert

BBU

Tied per cent Powerful time further confirm Heath's esperately to by than sis claim. obstacles to such moves. that her policy rol have to come from of the support the Last designed, 'We had a meeting with Mr Despite his witch-hunting shop floor. r of horning lasting a Sydney dockers The public had been he mized in erful 'black' Greek ed inconvenience ain, she said. movement A few weeks ago, dustmen he job bet teepressing his with liner For the paper a first step in - workersed can hoped she said

PAGE FOUR COL. Z

Busines se talks the lifeboats har roduced in W Bengal la: were yesterday Day deal tore Anti-strike law used dever minded boc with dockers refused to berth

PAGE FOUR COL. 4

whole will be against NY firemen healthy; he said. The liner was blacked Same remark

TUC CHARADE

He added: house reem atreement

ENGINEERS

EADERS

ex New Years wages contract nierences ill be 15,000 for loand joan taken in the ship's have obtaine attacks union nd day. tea, bing ands for crast eval secret chartered be prot *. That is very san filtrikes mal courses on the president. Vistor Feathe general secretary and dele remarks suggest present Super a called c shovemenof the trade union to appear vy actions emeroney the Bill We hop workring inderstand tonined to himalready beer it will rot in for the 'While a result to get and the there Tis elect more *hing workers that the tor, Sansas Sympathy strike the Franco clear snow unofficial aver the Burgos death crisis to understand his Bilhelp him freiven have resected. pre working castavourable to produced sentences

Pages from miners' history

PAGE TWO

SPENCERISM (see Mining villages experienced appalling conditions of hun- Workers Press, Decem- ger and misery. Earnings fell ber 19) was only one to well below half of those product of the 1926 be- of 1921, as the following trayal. After the miners' table shows: lock-out, the policy of Earnings per man shift the Conservative govern- 19s 2d 1921 ment was to solve the 1926 10s 5d 1927 10s problems of the industry 1928 1929 by imposing longer hours 1930 1931 27d and lower wages on the 1932 20 1933 74d miners. 1934 95 1935 9s 3}d Ben Turner, a leader of the wool textile workers (left But even By Jaunuary 1927 there were more than this 200,000 miners out of work and was involved. For ten years by July of the same year, well after 1926 conditions in the over a quarter of a million- -and those included these were only coalfields steadily worsened.

the figures of workers 1n 1n- Unemplovment sured under the But Act. large num- Misery of men had been bers Unen- ployed so long they were no longer entitled to benefit un- Longer hours, lower wages der the Unemployment Insurance and harder work were com- and so were not included Act in the figures. bined with unemployment and widespread malnutrition.

It is safe to say that, including

SHOES RAC

I would like information about Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

SECRETARY,

SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE,

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LONDON, SW4.

Name Address families, well over a million destitute in the people were mining villages. In addition, many workers were denied unemployment bene- fit under the pretext that they 'not genuinely seeking were work'. Applicants for unemployment benefit were interviewed by em- ployment exchange officials. They cross-examined were any hesitation confusion used against them. The unemployed worker, under-nourished and ill- frequently weakened clad, and by prolonged privation, was ex- pected to walk from ten to 50 miles daily in search of work.

'he miners' leaders were I€ uced to pleading for charity fo workers (left) and Sir Alfred Mond, chairma their members. Instead of leading a fight, they organized a Distress Fund, begging for money, blan- kets and fond. They even obseqiously thanked - of all people-the 'Daily Mail' for its generosity! Repression The Tories pressed home their advantage. In 1927 they intro- duced the Trades Disputes and Trades Unions Act. This Bill declared General Strikes illegal, restricted the right of picketing, debarred Civil Service Unions from affiliation to the TUC, and substituted contracting in for con- tracting out of the political levy.

There was tremendous feeling in the working class against this Bill. On May Day 1927, 100,000

WORKERS PRESS

demonstrated in London under the slogan *A General Strike Against Baldwin', despite the fact BY that the march was boycotted by the London Labour Party. The Glasgow Trades Council called for a general strike against the Trades Disputes Act by 117 votes to 20. But, while the workers were still willing to fight, the lead- ers were not. special confer-

TUC

ence of the Scottish re- jected the Glasgow policy by 19 votes and a conference of union rejected executives also strike action. Instead of fighting the Tories and the employers, the right- wing trade union leaders gave in- creasing 'Mondism'. support to 'Mondism' was derived from Sir Alfred Mond, a Liberal MP, who was involved in the amalga- mation of four chemical firms to form Imperial Chemical Indus- 'Rationalization' Mond believed in 'rationaliza- tion of industry' through collab- the oration trade union Will leaders. Needless to say, this in- variably involved increasing the of unemployed and breaking down the many of working conditions established by trade union action in the past.

The 1928

TUC

Conference Following the betrayal by Spencerisi voted in favour of the Mond- Turner General Strike, the Tories pressed hi talks (Ben Turner was a leader of the Textile Unions advantage and introduced the Trade and chairman of the TUC Gene- in 1927. Above: demonstration in Lor ral Council) after strong speeches Walter Citrine and in favour by 'Third Period' theory. Ernest Bevin. A joint While in Germany the Com- committee with the employers was formed on which munist Party was denouncing the Democrats the chief trade union figures Social were Turner, and Bevin, Citrine, J H Fascists' worse danger Thomas, Arthur Pugh, Tom than Hitler, in Britain Party Richards Will Thorne. and leaders such Gallacher were demanding that the unions should The same conference of the disaffiliate from the

TUC

and

TUC

broke from the Anglo- affiliate i Minority Move- to une Russian Trade Union Committee ment. and voted 'dis- to Lieutale ruptive activities' in the unions. Tom Bell argued in 'Workers' Life' that Communist Party the As Henry Pelling puts it in his should work to split the existing 'History of British Trade Union- unions and form new revolu- ism', forme dese the friendships tionary' When then between business- broke 11,000 out among un- men and union leaders were later organized workers at Austin's be of great importance'. Birmingham Emile plant, Burns In 1929 the second Labour called for the formation government took office, and stoad these workers of a new industrial impotently by while the total engineering union. registered of unemployed rose to nearly three million. The result of this was that the lond, chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries (right).

In 1931 the government fell, Minority Movement rapidly of cuts in the clined over the question dole. MacDonald, Snowden and dead. Thomas joined the Tories in the The biggest adven- Government sectarian National which cut ture carried out by the Com- wages and unemployment benefit Party, however, the tremenemys yed in the teeth of attempt to form a 'revolutionary' unemployed

HONOLLOS

union for the Scottish miners.

workers and the mutiny in North Sea Fleet at Invergordon.

Gains Meanwhile, government wage cuts were copied by the railway and other private employers. The The Party had already made textile bosses, for example, tried the some important gains among to impose wage cuts of 12t per Scottish miners. In January 1927 cent and to increase hours from they won all five the seats on 48 to 524. Scottish executive from the Fife Union, plus the full-time two "Third period' positions of miners' agent.

They also held both the sec- retaryship and the presidency of Following 1928 the Communist Party embarked the Lanarkshire miners and six on a sectarian out of 1l of the Lanarkshire policy produced by the Stalinist SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1971. I1 a.m.

ALEXANDRA

Young Socialists and All Trades Unions Alliance

PALACE

GREAT NATIONAL

Wood Green

RALLY AGAINST

London, N22

TORYISM

BOOK THIS DATE NOW!

conference to which 49 Scottish branches sent delegates. miners' At this time the Party flatly denied that it intended to set up a new union. A 'Save the Union Committee' established with was own pae The Scotish Mensitedkets right wing intensified drive the Communist against Party in the unions, but all especially amongst the miners. Breakaway Then, in February 1929, the Communists issued, through the Union Committee, call for a new scottish miners Save union. The extent of the split that this caused was shown by the by Spencerism and the 1926 fact that in Fife, where the Com- Party and ies pressed home their strongest where the right wing had broken ced the Trades Disputes Act away, the Fife miners' executive stration in London against the Act.

for the proposed new voted union by only 13 votes to 12. positions on the Scottish execu- (This, in fact, enabled the tive. right wing to recognize the right- wing breakway as the official The right wing on the old Fife.) Scottish executive postponed the union in annual conference of the Scottish miners because they knew they would be in a minority on the new executive. Flouted They then tried to use unpaid debts by the Fifeshire Associa- tion (debts contracted by the old right-wing leadership before the Communists took office) to disen- franchise the Fife miners.

Although there is no doubt that the right wing unscrupul- flouted every democratic ously principle in order to cling office, Communist Party the played into their hands by puli ing out of the union. In fact, the right-wing position had been so desperate that they had formed their own break- away right-wing organization in Fife. In October 1928, the Com-

WILL THORNE

munists called a 'Save the Union' ввС 1 12.55 p.m. Malcolm Muggeridge. 1.30 Watch with mother. 1.45-1.53 4.55 Blue Peter. 5.20 Barrier News and weather. 4.40 Jackanory. reef. 5.44 Magic roundabout. 5.50 News and weather.

6.00 LONDON THIS WEEK. Weather.

6.20 THE VAL DOONICAN SHOW.

7.05 Z CARS. 'Prevention'. Part one.

7.30 NOT IN FRONT OF THE CHILDREN. 'Pastures New'.

8.00 PANORAMA.

9.00 THE NINE O'CLOCK NEWS and weather.

9.20 DOOMWATCH. 'The Islanders'.

10.10 COME DANCING.

10.40 24 HOURS.

11.15 Weather.

REGIONAL BBC

All regions as above except: orland: i2.55.13 11.17 Weather Scotland soldiers Midlands, E andia Westmorland. North, NW, 3.10-4.40 under *Fighting

MAT

Cumberland Scotland. nt.i7 News, weather.

Renorting 11.17 News, South. weste Wales: 1.30-1.45 around six. Scene 6.20 Horton Wales 7.30_8.00 weather weather niaht. hears a who. 6.45.7.05 Heddiw. 7.30- 1Nws. weather.

BBC 2

11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL.

6.30 p.m. MONKEYS WITHOUT TAILS. Lectures to young people.

7.30 NEWSROOM and weather.

THE HIGH CHAPARRAL. 'A Matter of Vengeance'.

8.00

CALL MY BLUFF.

8.50 9.20 HORIZON. 'Wildllfe—The Last Great Battle'. A survey of zoos.

10.10 DONOVAN In concert.

10.40 NEWS ON 2 and weather.

10.45 TEST CRICKET. Australia v England, Third Test Match.

11.15 LATE NIGHT LINE-UP.

ITV

|1.35 p.m. Corridors of Power. 2.30 Della. 3.45 Yoga. 4.15 Once Upon a 'Time. 4.25 Crossroads. 4.50 Lost in Space. 5.45 News.

5.55 TODAY.

6.40 DAVID NIXON'S MAGIC BOX.

7.30 CORONATION STREET.

8.00 WORLD IN ACTION.

8.30 MAN AT THE TOP. Too Good For This World.

9.30 MR DIGBY DARLING.

10.00 FILM THE HOUSE ON 2nd STREET: Willam Eythe, Lloyd

10.30 FILM: 'THE

Volan and Signe Hasso. Spy thrille 2.05 a.m. SHARE THE SECRETS OF MY SON

REGIONAL ITV

e car: 4.20 Best of Lucy: 1.50 Women Felix the 5.45 London. oct London. Dav hu What's detec- chailenge Weather. T's al yous: 10.30 Channel except: News. Diary. 6.15 Weather SOUTHERN: 3.25 Horoscope. 3.30 Weather. Monday January 4, 1971

ERNEST BEVIN

The CitemunMit Party-domin- ated Mineworkers Scotland was set up at an in- a429r 132 delegates attended.il augural conference Five months later-in Septem- ber 1929—the first annual con- ference of the union could mus- ter only 64 delegates-a decline of over 50 per cent Blind alley Although the Communist Party continued to hold a strong position in Fife-Willie Gallacher was elected MP for W Fife in 1935—its support declined else- where. By 1935, however, the Stalinist 'Third Period' theory had given way to the new line of a 'Popu- lar Front Against Fascism'.

Not only the Labourites and right-wing union but officials, clerics and 'progressive Tories' The militants had been led up a blind alley. HTV (West) colour channel 61 as 4.07-4.09 Report West. above except: 6.20-6.45 This is the West this week.

HTV

(Wales) channel 41 as colour above except: 5.56-6.20 Y Dydd.

HTV

(Cymru/Wales) black white and above except: 5.56-6.20 Y service as Dydd. 8.00-8.30 Yr whthnos.

ANGLIA: 3.35 Granny gets the P4.0 4.00 News. 4.05 Women today. Romper room. 4.40 Bugs Bunny. 5.15 5.45 London. 10.30 Foreign Timeslip. 6.40 London. 5.55 About Anglia. policy discussion: Joseph Godber, MP state at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Shadow Foreign Healey and Minister Dennis Russel Johnston, MP. 11.00 Department 'S'. 11.55 Farming. 12.20 New voices.

Houseparty.

MIDLANDS:

Horoscope. 4.00 Peyton Place. 4.30 Red hot 4.50 Showtime. 5.15 Timeslip. 5.45 London Frank The g. me. 51.59 Weather.

4.40 Once don. 10.30 University challenge. 11.00 Today. 7.55 Pauls. 4.50 Stingray S.i5 Today. London. 6.00 6.35 Sport. 6.45 London. 10.30 Face the press. 11.00 Flip Wilson. 12 mid- night News. 12.15 Popular negatives.

BORDER: 4.05 News. 4.07 High livins 1.40 Once upon a time 4.50 Toe 9i 5.15 Timeslip. 5.45 London, 5.56 News. Lookaround. 6.15 Universitv challenge.

Wallace 6.40 London. 10.30 Edgar 11.35 Michael MacLiammoir. 12 mid- night News, weather. Once upon Castlehaven. еті. вp0 4.50 5.15 5.45 London. 6.00 10.30 Film: «The London. Pumpkin Anne Bancroft, Peter Finch. ater'. 12.25 Late call

GRAMPIAN:

2.25 Film: "Ivanhoe' Robert and Elizabeth Taylor Taylor 4.05 News. 4.25 Hieh S.ish Timestip. 5.45 London. 5.55 blie. News London. weather. Cartoon. 10.30 University challenge. 11.00 Father, dear father 11.30 Epilogue.

IMPERIALIST POST-WAR HISTORY

HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI Monday January 4, 1971 MANKIND has now lived under the threat of nuclear weapons for over a quarter of a century. Nuclear bombs have only twice been used in war, when American imperialism de- stroyed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. But a large number of human beings have died, been injured, or been born dead or deformed as a result of radioactivity released in the testing of nuclear weapons.

Apologists for US and British imperialism have repeatedly said that the bombs were dropped in order to end the war as quickly as possible, avoiding an invasion the Japanese mainland, thus 'Saving' more lives than were lost in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Foregone conclusion In reality, however, there was never a decision on whether the atomic bomb should be used on but only on how it Japan, should be used. For much more was involved than the timing of Japanese surrender, already a foregone conclusion. The bomb entered as the most important military factor in a of strength trial between im- perialism and the Stalinist bureaucracy on the division ol the post-war world — a trial of strength heavily disguised by the diplomacy ritual protestations of 'friendship' of the political chiefs.

In this struggle military fac- tors, including the atomic bomb, were secondary to the class forces which were everywhere threatening to overthrow the exploiters. Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at a series of conferences— Tehran, November 1943; Yalta, February 1943; and Potsdam, July 1945. At Yalta they agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender, and at Potsdam the leaders (Roosevelt had died in April and was succeeded by vice- president Truman) divided Ger- many into four zones. The Soviet zone subsequently became E and the Germany, French and British American, zones W Germany. The Red Army had occupied Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria, and E Austria.

Disarmed and entered Yugoslavia was held by the Communist partisans under Tito In France and Italy, on Stalin': instructions, the Communist are fores ordered are resist disarm forces ance entered bourgeois governments.

Greece, where the communist- led ELAS partisans had already liberated a third of the mainland in 1943, was also reserved for imperialism. Churchill sent British troops into a massacre of the Communists in December 1945, to the echoes of Stalin's praise of the 'spirit of perfect unanimity' between them. At Potsdam, the 'Allies' issued a call for the unconditional sur- render of Japan. At Yalta Stalin had agreed denounce his to Neutrality Treaty with Imperial Japan and enter the war in the Far East 'two or three months' after Germany's surrender.

In return for a promise that Outer Mongolia would remain 'independent' and that the Soviet Union should control Darien, the South Manchurian Railway, the Kurile Islands, and the south of Sakhalin, he agreed to sign a treaty of friendship with the Chinese government - i.e. the Kuomintang regime of Chiang Kai-shek. Even though Chinese Com- munist forces occupied large areas of Shensi and Manchuria, Stalin undertook to support a capitalist regime throughout the country. Endangering their plans In May he told Truman's en- voy, Harry Hopkins that he fav- oured an 'open-door' policy for China (the full exploitation of by US im- the Chinese people perialism) and • that unification should take place under Chiang: Chiang's foreign minister T.

Soong, was invited to visit Mos- cow in June, essentially to nego- tiate the conditions for the Red Army to move against the Japanese forces in Manchuria.

But already in April, during the first weeks of. Truman's presidency, the Staté Départment and sections of the US military were pressing Ior soviet forces to be kept out of China. Underestimating Stalin's readi- ness for counter-revolution, they feared that Soviet entry into the Japanese war would be a factor endangering their plans for a capitalist China. In particular they thought that Stalin, once into Manchuria, would support the Chinese Com- munist Party against China.

At the same time the US- British atomic bomb programme was nearing its first test.

To brass tacks No one could predict the re- sults, though it was clear that they could hope for a weapon of unprecedented destructiveness. Accordingly Truman adopted a strategy of delay, waiting for the bomb to be tested.

STALIN AND CHUR

In May he backtracked on the encouragement he had given Soong to visit Moscow. Similarly he postponed (to Churchill's annoyance) the planned meeting with Stalin at Potsdam. Soong and Chiang, un- aware of the atomic bomb, were confused. They wanted to down to brass tacks with Stalin.

precisely in order to get his assistance against the Chinese Communists. And in fact at the end of May Stalin told Hopkins 'he would welcome representatives of the Generalissimo (Chiang) to be with his troops entering Man- churia in order to facilitate the organization of Chinese (Chiang's) administration in Manchuria'.

(Report from Hopkins to Truman, May 28, 1945.) Hopkins also reported that the Soviet forces, strengthened by transfers from the European fronts, would be ready to march by August 8. The question for Truman from this point on was whether the atom bomb could force a Japanese surrender be- fóre the Red Army entered China and before the Chinese Commun- ists gained too much leverage over the Chiang regime. On July 16, 1945, the first atom bomb was exploded in the New Mexico desert. It proved more powerful than almost any- one working on the project had estimated, releasing energy equiv- alent to the detonation of 15,000 tons of TNT. News of the test arrived as Truman was in conference with Stalin at Potsdam. According to his Secretary of War, Stimson, he was tremendously pepped up by it'. He immediately went into the next session and 'told the Russians just where they got off and generally bossed the whole meeting', telling Stalin that he would recognize the governments in E Europe 'when these were basis established on a proper and not before'. In the hands of such men the 'battle test' for the atom bomb could not. be delayed. Prepara- tions for the operation had al- ready been made by a special

• AND CHURCHILL

unit of the US Air Force in the Pacific responsible General Groves, military leader of the atom bomb project. A number of Japanese cities, including Hiroshima and Naga- saki, had been left out of the programme of explosive and in- cendiary bombing. They were being 'saved' as prospective tar- gets for the atom bomb in order that the impact of the weapon should be as great as possible.

Tightest security Stalin had not been told of As soon as full reports came to Potsdam Truman casually told WONKERO PRESd

• PAGES FROM •

PART ONE

STALIN, TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL MEET IN

POTSDAM, JULY 1945

CALCULATED SLAUGHTER

BACKED BY STALINISM

CHIANG KAI-SHEK

A SERIES OF ARTICLES

BY DAVID BARNES

WHICH WILL APPEAR

OCCASIONALLY IN

WORKERS PRESS

BELOW: JOSEPH STALIN

Stalin that he had 'a new weapon of unusual destructive force'. He was surprised by Stalin's rela- tively offhand reaction, but did not at the time grasp the signifi- cance of it-that Soviet intelli- already knew of gence the weapon, and perhaps even of the successful test, through Klaus Fuchs and other spies working on the programme. Stalin, in fact, replied that he hoped Truman would 'make good use of it against the Japanese'.

No objection Stalin therefore, but willing, not eager to send his forces into Manchuria, raised no objection to the use of the bomb, although he certainly knew that a single atom bomb was capable of caus- ing death on a gigantic scale.

The military preparations for bombing Hiroshima then swung

MAJOR-GENERAL L. R. GR

into action. Various less drastic plans-such as a démonstration of the weapon off the Japanese coast—had already been ruled out. Secretary of War Stimson, in what must be one of the most sickening gestures ever made to "culture' had had Kyoto, historic centre of Japanese art and re- ligion, excluded from the list of prospective targets, despite its military suitability. But the memoirs of Stimson, Truman and Churchill all agree that there was not then any question of not using the bomb against a major city. Yet for some time the British and American governments had been aware that the Japanése were on the point of surrender- ing, with only a military faction in the Cabinet arguing for a fight to the finish. Not only were Japanese com- munications being daily inter- cepted and decoded, but the Japanese leaders were making continued approaches the to Soviet government for mediation to bring the war to an end. They knew that an offer to allow the office of Emperor to survive (which was subsequently allowed) would almost certainly have pro- duced a rapid ceasefire. Truman and Churchill also knew that the major factor in the minds of the Japanese leadership was the probable entry of the Soviet Union into the war.

Razed to the ground But they made no effort to accelerate this, while General Groves was instructed to déliver the first bomb as soon as pos- sible. On August 5 a flight of B-29s set off from the American- held island of Tinian and seven hours later Hiroshima was razed to the ground and over 70,000 people were dead. On August 8 Stalin declared war. on Japan and the Red Army the border into Man- launching a full-scale huria ttack on the Japanese forces. A 1l a.m. on the 9th a second atom bomb destroyed Nagasaki.

And on the morning of the 10th Truman first had news of a Japanese offer — though not an unconditional one-to surrender.

By the 14th cease-fire terms had been settled, and Japan was shortly occupied by American troops. Soviet troops occupied a number of the key cities in Manchuria and N Korea as the Japanese forces surrendered on and after August 16. It is accurate to say that the use of atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not the final low of the Second World War, but the opening one of the Cold War. Truman's policy towards Europe was enormously stiffened by these "live' demonstrations of the new weapon. He went on to insist on the 'rehabilitation' of 'democratic' governments in the areas under Red Army control.

In China the end of the Japanese war recpened the civil war between the Communist forces and the Kuomintang.

RAL L. R. GROVES (SEATED)

But Truman's and Churchill's fears that Stalin would use his position to help the Communists proved groundless. The Red Army remained in Manchuria until the spring 1946, by which time the US Navy had helped Chiang move half a million troops into the area to take up advantageous posies in agai co thrysiommunist Pure hypocrisy And as late as March 1949, with Chiang's forces in full scale retreat before the Communist advance, Stalin's diplomats moved with the national government,

PAGE THREE

driven off the mainland. And just as Stalin, would-be suppressor of the Chinese revolu- tion, cheerfully greeted the plans of US and British imperialism to massacre tens of thousands of •Atomic 19ery and mocial Energy Progress', we find the statement: 'All intelligent people know that the atom bomb helped to shorten the war and thus saved millions of lives!' When Stalinism now denounces the slaughter at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is pure hypocrisy, flowing directly from the present requirements of Kremlin diplo- macy and reactionary to the core.

Stalinism has always fought against the mobilization of a class battle against the weapons withe imeeralist even joining right-wing leadership in the hey-day of CND to do so.

IMPORTANT

READING

A TROTSKY

ANTHOLOGY

Wined with an intre Available from New Park Publications Strategy and Tactics in the Imperialist Epoch by

JEON TROISKY

Available from New Park Publications 186A Clapham High St.. SW4.

PRICE

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PAGE FOUR

• FROM PAGE ONE

crucia meedes mne ronowin* dayirst of these which de- meeting never s mortal Knowleenber the is not first time the recommend Cucu LU has backed down before resisnanon Decembel £3,000 and the secono was coule sull nave sad tar-reado.

vicumization snemeld and the AEF ing effects. meetine

COT

other area anol

IT WIL ROT DE

district committee that even- Again nothing was done the last. if the are stainists and was not until the allowed to get away with it.

strikers had been back at work But this settlement takes tha the CP issued place in a new and dangerous political situation. any statement at all of Whatever at CP then, members believed the

RESPONSIBLE

that were otherwise of this, Hill Cer willing the Party right to any knew war memoers ol the

AEF

level are politi were proposing top leadership Party committee cally when the CO- scilled 0 23 account of its Decem- slightest intervention his KeV

DOST

ber could the Unilever-Batchelor's. meeun. Sheiield is that Devev arrived Eye food combine HiTo's preventing the midst the biggest incon Golian vable are enrecave v any discussion of ever faced by Ramelson real would settlement under minutes working in a situation of this inpoed have contacica the Sheffield tha ance. "had mittee only resolver insisted in Saturday's Workers the

INSTRUCTION

part be torced Stalinist Batchelor's leaders must settlement after exo an An instruction Caborn, The mater was raisee de mont.

rignts, dearly and bitterly wor Devey and the ther CP on wingers under Item workers over hundreds bers the

AEF

district com- year in uis way. for auction by anti-trade union legislation.

mittee could easily the settle. This is Stalinism in action.

been casily nave issued that night or early the following morning. Caborn and if both Devey were operating mavericks ad the Ch gone ahead

FROM PAGE ONE

That why every oppor- through a recommendation Labour TunISt the move. acceptance by flight working cass an oter co ment Hill could have ernments shouldn't interfere from confronting the

AEF

district incidentally, the Sheffield his a3, is committee CPers which adhered accepted Make strictly Stalinists counter - recommenaation by the European pay-off and why The mass veere on wednes during the Burgos trial, when chiefs refuse to face the task dav. December lo. thev made enort to sever forcing the hones In the event, one vote was their cintomatic and com- resian against proposed cast the merical relations with the They strengthen Powell, fascist regime. who plays on sentiment -after what of nationalism, patriotism and this international backwardness Devey's the Stalinist suffer if treachery LIOn bloodstained running une surallel with the my was not taken im Demaism Talu allemot was nade paralle. un brece he needs to the chock torrec turn the at the dis- situation dented retreats or we tract operate his programme

UNION

readers That is the explanation for that o vec Powell the con.

his nationalistic opposition to point fidence to speak out for the third Market could have stepped in had it Common wanted prevent the settle- living standards and rights.

unreal lo nuisa sovereianty ment. -a slogan woe is echoed to patriotic Battle the etter hv the jingoes of the British Com-

STATEMENT

munist Party. Making the unlikely He knows that, as he puts oppose the Com- the assumption for mon Market for nation- Devey 'Long before the end of nOL Taat Labora. anc alist reasons but because this the CP memhers 1971 the will have the rest question on the AEF district consomeration auropeat beer rinned oner and the cants mononoles threat. tee were out of line with Hill, battle-lines not just formed' the entire working class enc an immediate campaign the Market but of Europe. about which Hill had by this proposed major issue facing the working class. Oppose We stand for the Socialist United States of Europe Ibrox investigation continues complete opposition Powellite. patriotic stance the Staniss United Corialict States of Europe can by capitalism overthrow over Europe throurh buld- INVESTIGATIONS continue today into Satur- ing the reutenan day's soccer disaster at Glasgow's Ibrox Park in attacks on Sunday leadership immi- Powell's which 66 football supporters were crushed to grants the Express' speaks death and 108 injured. Early yesterday efforts were a thousanc sill being made identify resembled

BY A WORKERS. PRESS

dave the same nurpose as hic Common opposition the

CORRESPONDENT

occurred when the middle Market, to dimida careers for sed fries crust barrier rave way the from she crusa occurred basic rights. last minutes of the traditional Year's Rangers- etic

ORDER YOUR

match, which attracted Warning packed 80,000 capacity crowd.

commented:

POSTERS

Powell's current campaign 'The some the injuries by crushed boosted the Torv people who had

TODAY!

Dress been

BBC.

and the the barrier wer must under We with Warning to all workers of the terno e calme away intense urgency and danger of our boots. socks and the bot.

the present situation tomc our trousers soaked Every Heath with blood! remains Cause workine cass fight torce the Glasgow's Lord Provost socials recent pledged no Tories recion vesterdav said that it appeared socialist that the immediate cause urgent issue for 1971! the disaster was the attempts of sections crowd the back on to stands the after late cannot One prejudge the

ALL TRADES

1 any inquiry,' outcome of

UNIONS ALLIANCE

sale. OUT It ertain y does d Ils reason is tr

MEETINGS

Dear that most crecible. Labour MP Hugh a TORY ANTI-A sery ine Brown stated: AFF in shereid terrible accident will have been to those of es the

UNION LAWS!

over Miners and the arguing football grounds Charter of Basic vears should be licensed and con- Rights 2s per poster *rolledi so tnat rectanons health can be in 30s for 20 safety and ASTLEFORD: Saturday, January, troduced. £3 5s for 50 'It seems to me quite wrong inchelite (Glasshoughton Colliery •footbal that Send your orders to: Socialist Labou NILEY: Sunday, TenurSpeak 86a Clapham High Stree ank McCabe (Brodsworth Collier either no. al mthe sure gore ernment. to make sure adequate provision tor tr well-being of the people.

BRIEFLY

No standard esiding Rangers Foot- ROME'S hospital anaesthetists Rangers riticizin Club. the owners of Ibro end the frst of three tour-dav in support Stadium. strikec tomorrow There is in down better and working British in act no standard tor the 14° ther run cafetu of cruch harriers ter. from ray dealing with emer races and stands. only t has been found that the ubular steel used for barriers gency cases corrode ing ind seriously weakening barrier's ability to withstand

SPECIAL

the meeting Association of Cinematograp Tele- Yesterdav's and graph' commented: general tha hAct decided among standing stewards make an omicial stoppe far Manure against the nti union Hi admitted that encourages be first step clubs to allow the cross over crowding that exists at many grounds The Ibrox Park tragedy in- he anst union peoposals diontac that a thayonah avom.

ination of the resent safer

T&GWU

stewards' standards lay be long ove to clara le sere. London.

See due. meeting nage one

• FROM PAGE ONE

booked and the campaign had revisionists Not neutral 'is be neutral on this actions General Best group ays was small, but wounded voy for tras

WEATHER

i the foggy areas. ra by son, are or and milder in the St later.

WORKERS PRESS

beginning to see the correct- WINNER of the National ness of our positión. Photographic Contest, "That is why N London Young Socialist we are con- that the return lan Ferrie (left), receives his vinced to power of a Tory government prize a Praktica camera. and the enormous challenge it Photographer and film poses for youth provides director Maurice Hatton us with the opportunity judged the contest and to go forward to increase our circu- presented the prizes. lation to 30,000 copies. Top: One of Ian's entries, 'We did not sit idly back taken in Yugoslavia. when the Labour leaders were betraying the working class and we are not going to sit back and watch the Tory government destroy the trade unions, she said. Costs 'Costs are rising continu- ously. We this can expect trend to be even more pro- nounced in the months ahead.'

She warned that there would be serious legal restrictions placed on the circulation of the paper in the factories if Bill the anti-union became law. *Plans are going ahead for full-time youth staff training "Keep to produce the weekly Left" and we want to have a mandate from this meeting to proceed along those lines.

"This should be possible ir of 1971, but the autumn we won't disguise the fact that it will be our biggest challenge yet. 'But we must not succumb become to the tendency to WEST Yorkshire Young pessimistic. Socialist Steve Howgate, "The whole success of our lively winner of the work based the belief 1S on public speaking contest that the working class, whose at the 'Keep Left vanguard the youth, will 1S Annual General defeat this Tory government Meeting. and force it to resign, said comrade Jennings amidst applause. Release all class-war prisoners SATURDAY'S meeting passed the following resolution unanimously. (THIS AGM Of 'Keep American Workers' League Left' readers, by the US Federal Court. conscious of the reactionary offensive Farinas' only crime was of imperialism to deprive his uncompromising oppo the working class and sition to the Vietnam war, colonial peoples of their for which he now faces the rights and liberties, declares prospect of 15 years' jail.

its unconditional defence of struggle for the re- The all victims of capitalist in- lease of Comrade Farinas is justice and oppression. an inseparable of our part We salute in particular struggle for the liberation of the heroic struggle of Peru- the Vietnamese and people Hugo vian revolutionary the defence of the demo- Blanco, whose release from US rights of the cratic jail was made possible only working class. by the world-wide struggle The AGM pledges every the working class, in effort to secure the release which the Young Socialists of Angela Davis, Bobby 'Keep Left' played and a Seale and all other Black significant role. Panther militants held in We salute the 16. Burgos the prisons of the racialist Nixon Administration. prisoners whose heroic con- duct and selfless devotion We demand the release to the cause of the Basque of Alain Geismar and the people in their struggle fox 'Proletarian Left' members liberation from the fascist jailed by the Pompidou of Franco tyranny is an and the government res- enduring inspiration to toration of all legal rights youth We everywhere. of the socialist movement demand their immediate in France. release. We demand the release We denounce unequivoc- of all class-war prisoners in ally the frame-up of Com- the prisons of rade Juan Farinas of the imperialism. Monday January 4, 1971 Nixon's fear for Spanish bases

BY A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

FRANCO'S decision to use his élite 'Green Beret' force against revolutionary groups in the Basque country has the full support of the US government. Nixon is known to be very concerned about the security of the American bases in Spain, established by the Franco-Eisenhower agreement of 1953. The Franco makes

MODEL

Franco's 'Green Berets' are DR GUNNAR JARRING, Swedish ambas- modelled on Nixon's cinse v notorious murder squad sador to Moscow and special Middle-East same name. Navarre, they can be hurled "peace' envoy, is now believed to have secured against the adjoining Basques al a moments nouce the agreement of both Egypt and Israel to They use both US equip- ment and take part in talks on a possible settlement.

its military tech. niques of 'counter insurgéncy'.

The Egyptian cabinet This counter rebiltionary met over the week-end

SHAH TO

counter evo unonam force role underlie to brief its United played by Us imperialism Nations delegate throughout the KuroDe ana

OPEN

world. Mohamed El-Zayyat for The US Central Intelligence talks with Dr Jarring in masterminded A tency

LINKS

coup of 1967 New York. military brought thi Greek colonels' junta to power. and Fores Minister mia

WITH

Minister Foreign

CONSPIRED

unen new to condon lor con- sultanons witn the heada Despi, ins victo in

MAO?

government. Vietnam, conspired As he has only recenu military talks leaders returned Irom witt Cambodi: depose th Soviet Headers

MOSCOW

Prince THE Shah of Iran (Persia) where he also met Illanou. ana install the Jarring) the visit ic nhu?. anu communs considering opening General Lon Nol. ously inter intended to reassure diplomatic relations with that no In the Middle East, Nixon British imperialist Peking in a bid to stop puls a never chunk

SUDD

Middle-East interests is on 1 conomic ana milana Chinese support for revo- the way into me corers ot the srae lutionary movements Lionists, Ior tneir war of re.

Canal against the Arab Dression the Persian Gulf states. people. Unlike Nixon, the Tories This is the theme of an have • hard tor n calm America. ne stando the behind everv reactionary dic.

as wint says the Shah re penins behind 1 minUS cliques canal. tatorship, LuC busi- The magazine says the statement ' Home, who olardthe recent 1 011 ness investments. Foreign Secretar alreday studyine the unprecedented degree ment

OUL

alxu- davisink Iside. make ments for and against recog- interventiony us imperal the world concessions class struggle by nizıng the recime governments. flows from hreaking links with Chiang The comings economic and goings anti- communist, odes capitals powers. amongst the of imperialist statesmen and Dro-US Tai whe suggests their errand hoUs Chinese island hat hehind the usual Cairi (Formosa). smokescreen of war world Recognition of Mao the Arab the end against Israel, volvement big new market Decome open up a Sit down have weaknes Amarian. fertilizers source ano not Iran's petro- sit would with the sureneun

IOT

occupiers of Palestine. chemicars.

DUT

ruling class about the inevitable rupture o the shah's trade relations with

RIGHT TURN

_ne monts or the wan. peoples, are not Relations The opinions of the Chines eadershir on the suestion New attacks but Us bases from fascist Spain line talks must mean her Mao's re- ring or the must mean period wi seeking attacks on against oration, they truggles Unt better Ine Jordan, and the reDressior ao talist worle left-wing come the rallying point for all organizations une recent renressive mea and militants throughout the the forces of counter-revolu- Shed d the de vern. tion. Aran word. ment did not stand in the way f Peking exchanging ambassa- dors with Canada The torture Elements of ing the best possible readon with ine sovie bureaucracy. few ovet the laSt vears. has snecialized in hoost Marxism of reactionary, ing thic tune anti - communist regime (Greece. Spain, Indonesia, Cambodia, etc.). Lecture by G. Healy, national secretary of the Gierek Socialist Labour League pushing BEXLEYHEATH: Roberts Hall, Christchurch, Broad- way. Tuesday, January 5, 8 p.m.

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