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BOOK REVIEWS by Robert Black and Jim Duffy REISS Switzerland by agents assigned by November 'THIS BOOK is of special interest and • political importance to the mem. bers and supporters of the Fourth International.

It records the life and death of Ludwik Poretsky (better known by his pseudonym Ignace Reiss') the Polish Communist who broke from Stalin's secret police and was murdered by NKVD agents in Switzerland on November 4, 1937.

But it is more than a biography. Reiss's widow throws a revealing light on the activities and methods of the Soviet bureaucracy's agencies in the capitalist countries.

The main section of the book describes the gradual crystallization of communist opposition to Stalinism within the foreign department of the NKVD.

Many communists, Reiss and his comrades included, joined the Soviet espionage service beat the Soviet Union had to use all weapons, including spying, to defend itself against imperialism until the next round of workers' revolutions freed the USSR from the danger of intervention.

But instead of spying on the ruling class of the capitalist powers, Reiss found that he was being used for counterrevolutionary ends. cracy summoned up the most reactionary social forces.

The chief Prosecutor at all three Moscow Trials was Vyshinsky.

During and even after the 1917 revolution and the civil war he remained a right-wing Menshevik and a bitter enemy of Bolshevism. It was only after the defeat of the Left Opposition that his career began to prosper.

Genuine opponents of Bolshevism were called as witnesses for the prosecution, giving false evidence that they collaborated with Bukharin and other communist leaders in an attempt to kill Lenin in 1918.

In the west, it was the same Stalin's war against the Fourth International could not be fought out in the working class on the basis of political discussion or debate, as Mrs Poretsky's book shows.

The same methods and social forces were employed in France, Spain and other centres of resistance to Stalin, as in the torture chambers of Moscow and the concentration camps of the north.

When Mrs Poretsky warned a close friend against returning to Moscow (where the purges were already in full swing he replied:

"They will kill here [Paris] Weat over from the NKVD to the Trotsky's son was mardered by NKVD The same man also helped to kill Trotsky's son • Leon Sedov. When Sedov fell ill, 'Etienne' insisted that he enter hospital staffed almost entirely by émigré Russian After an apparently straightforward and successful operation, Sedov had a sudden relapse and died.

Once again, it is now known that 'Etienne' was responsible for ensuring that Sedov entered a private hospital swarming with NKVD agents.

All these things became known when Zborovsky came before the Committee of UnAmerican activities in 1955 on beion auralinist spy charge Fourth International).

Zborovsky, the hearings proved, had also worked closely with other Stalinist spies, among them the Soblen brothers and Ramon Mercader, the man who murdered Trotsky in Mexico by posing as a supporter of the Fourth International to gain access to Trotsky's private study.

Seamen's Union One of the Soblen brothers, organized through Floyd Miller the penetration of the US seamen's union.

The Kremlin was very concerned that Trotskyists working on the transport ships THREE from the anarchism of his I did not know Serge well either, but 1 knew enough about him to be cautious.

'Serges's natural curiousity had made him keep seeing all kinds of people, Party members, ex-Party members, former anarchists, every kind of oppositionist, until the very day he was arrested, in Leningrad in 1933 ... carrying on as he did exposed others as well as himself to danger.' (p. 245.)

It was Serge who informed Zborovsky of the defection of the Reisses, and, after Ignace's murder, introduced the NKVD agent to his widow.

The Trotskyist movement has come a long way since the terrible period described in this book. Expose agents But its very growth, together with the profound crisis of world Stalinism, must inevitably sharpen the conflict between ourselves and the Soviet bureaucracy and its international supporters.

Much still remains to be told about Marc Zborovsky, who today lectures in anthropology at Berkeley University, San Fransisco.

And there are many still living and active in the labour movement that could help to