Workers Press no. 73

Union demands 96 p.c. wage rise INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATUR By David Maude I.C.I. sparks SHARP INCREASES in prices, and plumbers along with growing unemploy- on strike ment, are now threatening work-

ELECTRICIANS

and Wilton plumbers ICI's site ers' living standards all over the gainst capitalist world. Trades plumbing work. Last year, as reported in Wednesday's Workers sup- manacement Press, saw a sharp increase in prices in Britain. The ported o that the should same situation faces workers in the United States.

Metalworkers Engineers chared ot the Sheet Heating and Domestic Yesterday's 96.4 per cent wage claim on behalf Union. This ruling was given with- of road haulage members of the Teamsters' Union with the

EPTU

is the latest indication that the trade unions are is widely seen beginning to answer this threat in their own way.

as a provocation. Thus Teamsters the determined join

GESTETNER'S TOTTENHAM

General Electric strikers who have now been out for 11 weeks in support of their demands for a new wage contract. Union representatives made their claim as nego- tiations opened for a 1970-1973 wage contract DIE-CASTERS at London's Tottenham Gestet- with the 2,000 US haul- ner plant yesterday continued their strike for improved condition money, now in its second age firms. week. A spokesman for the meeting industry announced that mass Wednesday voted to con- Tenants the claim could cost the despite action despite tha €3,740 industry some the advice in court million over the period Thoroughgood. district sec- retary of the Amalgamated covered by the contract. Enpineers Foundry. and

BY HILARY BALDWIN

women and fo

THREE

workerc. derkenmen men

ROTE

Ranale appeared The cire of the maiority in yesterday court more. favour of going on with the charged with using threaten- strike was, however, reduced.

ing behaviour outside the Carden Town Hall on Wed. nesday night. Return advice Dolica with clarin Thoroughgood plane the sak dallary after a tenants protest against rent hour v rates. lated the die-casters on their the council overtime milagge achion - • WhiCh tollows rates and frinda hanafte st yarlankut actar them. At the begins of De miser consider returning to work Major threat the management's of stance that would not affecting the borough's tenants. negotiate while strike for occupied continued. "he increases fate following the Housing But other speakers pointed Minictrue tauidalines but the steer ront ise in the IlS cost of livin week. tried all along to divide the shop. into to thic concordi The shift-workers, in fact, Thus the claim. have been kent at work ova 74d. nounced hile Detroit yester- offer of hour whil dav-workers have hapy offered Maintenance dav. 4h o Chrysler motor corporatio been men strike five of its seven US plants.

The are at least as aninoration over pay deal as those suffered hv the shift.

37,000 to lay workers one warters during the next fort- Trol. night in addition to 3d offer ANCE men at men ver C Christmas hefield's and the New yester da's worke offered engineering plant are on strike pay day-workers cars our increase as an interim award Can't sell pending further neontiatione f the mot aarpe to return t wort Tuesday, Like the fetters without ally ease.

competitors Centors and Ford bonus into Nixon's economic squeeze What that then inter to sel more. the hacin ante culming the lac considerable stags of tha nationst engin- difficult would negotiations for hani cianadst cars the end any employers are involving job-evalua- «hac changes pressing each section in divi. three TIon to accept work-study Gestetner's fear that if th schemes. will undoubtedly concede die-shop of the men's maintenance factory will strike refusals rest home their / work schemes adve their own claims these British andrkers Job-evaluation is and Conti- department nental subcidiaries snon.

Y TO SATURDAY

NUMBER 73

•

FRIDAY, JANUARY 9,

'Don't rock the boat!' GE from the union cartoon journal 'United Electric'.

Asturian coalfield Taxmen ban halted overtime

THE

ENTIRE

Asturias, 35,000 Income Tax officers Spain, coalfield is now at a yesterday began an overtime standstill with 14,000 miners ban which will seriously dis- on strike against their rupt tax collection and refund- miserly bonus. Christmas Ing. 16,000 other have miners A spokesman for the Inland been laid off as a result of Staffs' the strike. Revenue Association said that union members had The strength of the illegal been asked to work a total of strike forced the manage- one million hours overtime in of the next two months and that ment the government- owned Hunosa mine, where this rate would continue be- the strike started, to put off cause of the severe staff short- the repressive measures they ages. had the planned against Mr Cyril Plant, the associa- strikers. ton's generai secretary, added They have withdrawn the *The work-load has become threat to sack 800 strikers impossible. It IS crucitying us and have merely suspended and the time has come to say

PAGE FOUR COL. 5→

"enough" "

KEEP LEFT. WEEKEND RALLY

Saturday and Sunday, January 10 and Il 1970 marks the 19th year of the Young Socialists' official Selling at 4d for 16 three-colour pages and witl newspaper. 20,000, it is the foremost youth paper in a circulation of the labour movement today.

KEEP LEFT INVITES ALL ITS READERS TO THE

ANNUAL GENERAL

MEETING

Saturday, January 10 2.30 p.m. East India Hall, East India Dock Road London, E.14 Young Socialist National Speaking Contest The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

ANUARY 9, 1970

PRICE bo.

STOP WILSON'S VISIT

TO WASHINGTON

SHARE prices rose in London yesterday on the strength of statements made by 'Labour' chan- cellor Jenkins on his trail-blazing visit for Wilson to the United States. Meanwhile, Washington ambassador Mr john Free. man new into London to make the final ments for wilson's visit to Nixon at the end of the hat the US ARMY NEWSCASTER Robert Lawrence, continue the 27-year-old soldier who spoke out on trade union o take sagon television against llegal censorship of programmes on the Armed Forces Vietnam четен по Network, is to be court-martialled. it was announced in Saigon yesterday.

By a foreign correspondent he is Charged with talling to obey an order in the war in an incident aseged to taken place nave days delore nis broadcast last Sunday. Bred nit and at light of London last misht, hase Worker were into the city: Sereenplay, has also signore.

strices pothe b,00k she leave r out hal General strike South Vietnam's 118 trade which ment that against *tom Sam Tonion comes e stron the End rebuin is enomy the 4 Con:

GASMEN'S PAY

currenty bei Workers moving Bes loded with the Board was now at an all-time low specinc amount 1s He added that the govern-

LEYLAND'S

imited.

DENIES CLAIM:

NUR

$2,470,000 National Union of Railway- over the previous year. rail az planning a

CHIEF

COMPLAINS:

val wait the alway Leagi interview that the Board since last summer. member Dennis Committee

PAGE FOUR COL. 4 →

incomes

DEMONSTRATION

DANCE IN THE EVENING

Stop Wilson's visit to Washington East India Hall 8 p.m..1l p.m. The Element of Truth The Crescendos For the defeat of US imperialism in Vietnam Special Sunday, January 11, 1970 _ong John ASSEMBLE: Speakers' Corner (Marble Arch), Baldry 2 P.M. appearance

MARCH:

via Oxford Street, Regent Street, Trafalgar Square past Downing Street.

MEETING: 4 PM

FILM MAKING AND THE

Lyceum Ballroom, near Aldwych

YOUNG SOCIALISTS

Speaker will i clude T&GWU shop Alan hornett (right) Sunday January 11, 9.30 a.m.

CLASSIC CINEMA,

POND STREET

Details from 186a Clapham High Street, London, S.W.4 Tickets for the whole weekend 12s 6d

HAMPSTEAD, LONDON, N.W.3

workers press Union demands 96 p.c. wage rise INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATUI By David Maude I.C.I. sparks SHARP INCREASES in prices, and plumbers along with growing unemploy.

on strike ment, are now threatening work-

ELECTRICIANS

and Wilton plumbers CI's site ers' living standards all over the on strike against agreements not reaking of an Electrical On-members capitalist world. the employ Plumbing 1rades contracted Last year, as reported in Wednesday's Workers DrumoIne WorK. une management

SUD

Press, saw a sharp increase in prices in Britain. The TUC rul ported ou a recent ing that the ion should same situation faces workers in the United States.

members sharedl the Sheet Heatins Domestic Yesterday's 96.4 per cent wage claim on behalf This ruling was of road haulage members of the Teamsters' Union oPTy consultation local indication that the trade is the latest unions are management s aevlation beginning to answer this threat in their own way.

agreea. Placace Is widely seen as a provocanon Thus the Teamsters join the determined

GESTETNER'S TOTTENHAM

General Electric strikers who have now been out for 1l weeks in support of their demands for a new wage contract. Union representatives made their claim as nego- tiations opened for 1970-1973 wage contract DIE-CASTERS at London's Tottenham Gestet- ner plant yesterday continued their strike for with the 2,000 US haul- age firms. improved condition money, now in its second week. A spokesman for the mass meeting industry announced that Wednesday voted to con. the claim could cost the Tenants tinue the action, despite industry £3,740 Mr Bert some in court The million over the period Thoroughgood, district sec. retary of the Amalgamated covered by the contract. Engineers and Foundry-

BY HILARY BALDWIN

women and Mr Ray

THREE

Beagle workers chiet Clerkenwell said tiator write emp bass, appeared The size said that while yesterday Court claim was only 75 per cent favour of going on with the with charged using unreater strike was, however, reduced. almost ing outsice 100 Camden Town Hall on Wed. nesday night. Return advice the Police were caled in clear the public gallery after Thoroughgood men's wares incucing congralu in teases tenants' protest against rent nour V rates. cost oving lated the cle-casters on then during council mileage clauses. overtime - Which tollows rates and fringe benefits mine Tory-controlled Camden tallure to agree on their claim Yorkbut ached them Council rises consider returning to work rent approved Major threat the begining Decen vel while would not three-quarters aftecting strike the the borough's tenants. The increases continued. tor nechnied present average flats. -following Housing + he rise in the us cost of steer other speakers pointed 'guidelines' on Runt hut the steer out that the management has 6d. tried all along to divide the now presents a major threat shop. to this standard. y no pay The shift.workers. tact months Thus the claim. have been kept at work by while offer of 7td. day-workers have been ofereed hour Meed hi Detroit as nounced only 3d. Maintenance Chryster crisis - ridder motor No offer corporalor at all has neer has sacked 2,200 workers men strike made to workers in the tett. nve of its seven us Dants lina chan athauan conditione there are at least as arduous The hay as those suffered by the shift. 57,000 over pay deal planned of. workers. for workers one during fort. week use next 3d offer night in addition to closing

MAINTENANCE

men its factories over Christmas Doncaster's Gestetner's have offered Sheffield's Daniel and the New Year. pare the day-workers the 3d. engineering nant are on strike interim award, over the management's if the men agree to retarn to further negotiations, fusal to pay a ls od an hour Can't sell productivity The strike. which WOrK Tuesday, follows Like competitors But this would still leave General Motors and anad the fettlers without any rise. Nixon's economio callere ic more, there is it increasingl What considerable danger that the engin deal, signed at management would eering package all its output the end of 1968. piling up in the showrooms changes Now the emnioverc pressing turers are now hard hit and All three manufac- each section indivi. dually to accept work-study Gestether's fear that if the schemes. will undoubtedly try to or the conceded die toot i core maintenance The men's coup the it wil strike follows home advance their own claims.

attacks work these schemes on workers department the British Job-evaluation their second line of defence. "radiac shop nental subsidiaries.

Y TO SATURDAY

NUMBER 73 •

• FRIDAY, JANUARY 9, '

'Don't rock the boat!' GE

WORKED

A from cartoon the union journal 'United Electric'.

Asturian coalfield Taxmen ban halted overtime

THE

ENTIRE

Asturias, 35,000 Income Tax officers Spain, coalfield is now at a yesterday began overtime an standstill with 14,000 miners ban which will seriously dis- strike against their rupt tax collection and refund- miserly Christmas bonus. ing. 16,000 other miners have A spokesman for the Inland been laid off as a result of Revenue Staffs' the strike. Association said that union members had The strength of the illegal been asked to work a total of strike forced the manage- one million hours overtime in of ment the government- the next two months and that owned Hunosa mine, where this rate would continue be- the strike started, to put off cause of the severe staff short- the repressive measures they ages. had planned the against Mr Cyril Plant, the associa- strikers. tion's general secretary, added They have withdrawn the "The work-load become has threat to sack 800 strikers impossible. It is crucifying us and have merely suspended and the time has come to say "enough"

• PAGE FOUR COL. 5 →

KEEP LEFT WEEKEND RALLY

Saturday and Sunday, January 10 and Il 970 marks the 19th year of the Young Socialists' officia lewspaper. Selling at 4d for 16 three-colour pages and wit a circulation of 20,000, it is the foremost youth paper in the labour movement today.

KEEP LEFT INVITES ALL ITS READERS TO THE

ANNUAL GENERAL

MEETING

2.30 p.m. Saturday, January 10 East India Hall, East India Dock Road London, E.14 Young Socialist National Speaking Contest The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

ANUARY 9, 1970

PRICE 6d

STOP WILSON'S VISIT

TO WASHINGTON

SHARE prices rose in London yesterday on the strength of statements made by 'Labour' chan- cellor Jenkins on his trail-blazing visit for Wilson to the United States. Meanwhile, Washington ambassador Mr John Free- man flew into London to make th final arrange. ments for Wilson's visit to Nixon at the end of the monuR. volning coul tween Jenkins's US ARMY NEWSCASTER Robert Lawrence, the 27-year-old soldier who spoke oul Saigon television against illegal censorship of it was Network, is to be court-martialled, announced in saigon yesterday.

i made ers He is charged with unionists by a foreign corresponden failing to obey an order Cheir leaders offcial enem in an incident alleged to support five have taken place FILM DIRECTOR jack Gold days before his broadcast last Sunday. por has spended Lawrence said after Ke that 'austerity' Coccas sie the sw tary supplies. General strike South Vietnam's 118 trade these, which ' high- current

CLAIM :

and rebuilding its economy.

federation Shipbuilding an I it did not receive referenc urrently being made claim Engineering Unions today put tor 7.000 engine wine Beard John amount is mentioned. coalfield specinc Yorkshire Brods maurthereas BEYSA-LeD and

PROFITS UP

more deflation was esident, lock Nimmo increased 240400000 t DENIES or Palway.

NUR

over the mercast claiming a ne, which have mise, leaders intereste date awayi

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4 →

DEMONSTRATION

DANCE IN THE EVENING

Stop Wilson's visit to Washington 8 p.m.-11 p.m. East India Hall The Crescendos The Element of Truth For the defeat of US imperialism in Vietnam Special Sunday, January 11, 1970 _ong John ASSEMBLE: Speakers' Corner (Marble Arch), Baldry 2 P.M. appearance

MARCH:

via Oxford Street, Regent Street, Trafalgar Square past Downing Street.

MEETING: 4 PM

FILM MAKING AND THE

Lyceum Ballroom, near Aldwych

YOUNG SOCIALISTS

Secake veil include T&GWU shop SAlan Thornett (right) Sunday January 11, 9.30 a.m.

CLASSIC CINEMA, POND STREET

Details from 186a Clapham High Street. London, S.W.1

HAMPSTEAD, LONDON, N.W.3

Tickets for the whole weekend 12s 6d

PAGE TWO

WHEN THE first imperialist war began in August 1914, the Second International collapsed. All but a small minority of European socialists fell in behind their 'own' national governments. Most of those who did 'oppose the war' adopted what Lenin called a centrist position, deploring war, but objectively vacillating be- tween support for their 'own' bourgeoisie and sup- port for the international working class. In Britain, the Independent Labour Party was the main example of this tendency.

Only very small sections of European socialism adopted anything like a fully 'inter- nationalist' position on the war 'Our —adopting the slogan chief enemy is at home, and working for the revolutionary overthrow of their own bourgeoisie. Chief amongst these was the Bolshevik Party, led by Lenin.

Lenin, often almost entirely alone, was able to analyse and learn the lessons of the col- lapse of the Second Inter- national. He was able to apply these lessons in 1917, when the Bolsheviks under his leader- ship proved that they had prepared themselves theoretic- ally so as to be able to lead the working class of Russia to power. But both before and after 1917, Lenin stressed that socialism could never be built in a single country, that the proletarian revolution must be an international revolution.

therefore Constantly he sought to analyse the tend- encies at work in the working- class movement internationally.

During the period of the war and the Russian Revolu- he tion naturally looked mainly at those parts of the world where the revolution seemed most imminent. He partıcularly was con- cerned with Germany, and with the internationalist' elements there led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. Correct emphasis Events were to prove this emphasis correct, for, in 1918- 1919, it was only the betrayals Social - Democratic of leaders-including their com- the murder of plicity in Liebknecht and Luxemburg- which prevented the working- class from taking power. In Britain, which had the oldest working class and most experienced trade union move- ment in the world, it appeared that the lessons of reformism were being learnt more slowly.

The Labour Party was build- its strength on quite ing up explicitly reformist demands, and was aided by the largest 'socialist society' the Indepen- dent Labour Party. The parties which had revolutionary programmes — especially the British Socialist Party, and the Socialist Labour never able to Party - were become anything more than small sects. And they were shot through with internal weaknesses nationalism and reformism in the BSP, syndicalism in the SLP, etc. In speaking of the response in Britain, Lenin to the war realized that only minute sections of the movement be characterized could as internationalist. He knew of nobody who, like Liebknecht in Germany; had 'called upon the workers and soldiers of Germany to turn their guns against their own governments'. But there were those whom he spoke of as 'closest to the internationalists in deed' These included some ILPers, some isolated groups, and some BSPers, whom the best known was 'the Scottish social- ist school-teacher McLean' John McLean (1879-1923), the Clydeside revolutionary. Liebknecht (pictured above addressing a m to oppose the war under the slogan 'the i A contemporary newspaper photograr was mentioned several times by Lenin in his analyses of the war, and of the stages through which the revolutionary move- nent had to go between the catastrophe of 1914 and the triumph of 1917. The first stage after 1914, wrote Lenin, was contained in 'the action of individuals, whose boundless energy repre- sented everything honest that of that decayed remained "official" socialism [of the Second International] which is in reality social-chauvinism'.

The main representative of this stage in Britain was John McLean. Radical elements It was no coincidence that some of the most militant leaders (as well as some of the most weak-minded traitors) in the British working-class movement should have come from Seotland. As Trotsky pointed out Is Britain Going?' 'Where 1925): "The most radical elements of the contemporary British labour movement are mostly of Scottish or Irish race. (This law is not extended, of course, to cover the Scotsman, Mac- Donald.) The union in Ireland of social and national oppres- in the face of sharp sion, conflict of an agrarian with a • addressing a meeting in 1918) was among the few w the slogan 'the chief enemy is at home'.

paper photograph of the Glasgow Green anti-war de capitalist country, gives the changes conditions for sharp in consciousness. Scotland set out upon the road of capital- ism later than England; a sharper break in the life of the masses of the people causes sharper break in political reaction.' This brings out two points, expression which find McLean's life. Firstly the contrast between the sources of Irish 'radical- ism' and Scottish 'radicalism', the first deriving partly from the fact of national oppression which never occurred Scotland. discussed This will further below, in the light of McLean's retreat into national- ism at the end of his life.

Secondly, Trotsky indicates the way in which the develop- ment of industrial capitalism was a sharper process in Scot- land than it was in England.

Pre-industrial Scotland was a smaller, poorer, more back- ward country, than England From the 17th century on the rising bourgeoisie in both countries forged links-aided notably by the political union of the two countries in 1707— which enabled them to advance together into the 19th century.

Then they were able to build an industrial society based on the exploitation of the working

WORKERS' PRES:

een anti-war demonstration addressed by John McLe class of both Scotland and England. But in Scotland, with its history of backwardness, and with its vast Highland area with and poor resources difficult communications, the process was even harsher and more ruthless than in England.

The Scottish bourgeoisie, in alliance with 'progressive' landlords, uprooted thousands from the Highlands and the rural areas and pushed them in- to industrial cities-especially Glasgow - where conditions if it is possible, even were, worse than in England The rapidity and brutality of this process helps to account for many of the differences of 'tone' in the history of bourgeois ideology and the working-class move- ment in Scotland from that of England. Driven out McLean's life reflects this.

His parents were both driven out of the Highlands to the squalor of industrial Clyde- side. At his trial for 'sedition' in 1918, McLean himself said: 'When I stand true to my class, the working class, in which I was born, it is because my people were swept out of the Highlands.' His father died at the age of 43, when McLean was only nine. He left his widow with four children. Three others had died in infancy. Mrs McLean had to under- go great sacrifices to support the family. McLean later said it was the experience of his mother's self-denial that made him determined . "to use his education in the service of the workers' He became a pupil-teacher and attended classes at Glas- gow University, graduating in 1904. Meanwhile he had advanced from the rigidly Calvinist Free Church Christ- ianity in which he had been brought up, through secular- ism, to socialism. "common - sense' re- The formist socialism of Robert Blatchford's 'Merrie England' attracted him first. But soon he reading Marx's was 'Capital', a book which, his experience studying Political Economy at University taught him, the bourgeois professors believed they had 'buried' long ago.

ORKERS' PRESS

I by John McLean. In his mid-20s, McLean joined the Social-Democratic Federation. This the was largest of the Marxist groups in Britain in the age of the Second International it was later called the British Socialist not very Party), but it was strong in the West of Scotland.

Soon McLean was a well- known propagandist, and spent his holidays travelling the length and breadth of Scot- land and into the North of England. In 1906, he began to hold classes Marxist winter economics in Glasgow. These were to become very popular, attracting hundreds of workers in the period before and during the war. McLean's method of ex- position, and indeed his whole way of life, was in sharp con- trast to the attitudes of the leadership of the SDF, of whom one dissident said that, for them, the Revolution had become merely a formal pro- position in which one may profess belief ... as the con- verted costermonger professes his faith in Christ ... with- out such profession seriously affecting his social and political life' Weaknesses But in at least one very important way McLean's own development reflected one of the weaknesses in the SDF and the BSP. The party's paper 'Justice' sent its delegates off to the Copenhagen Congress of the Second International in 1910 with a lengthy discourse on the most scenic route to take, but with very little discussion of the issues which were to be raised. John McLean was formally such anti- opposed to an internationalist position, and when, during and after the war, he edited his own paper, 'Vanguard', he stressed the importance of the movement outside Britain. Yet his own development occurred in very isolated cir- cumstances. He played relatively little part in the English movement, far less international movement. This was to be most clearly reflected after the war when he failed to see the signific- ance of making contact with Do, 8JLT the Bolsheviks and the Third International which they founded in 1919. When the imperialist slaugh- ter began in 1914, McLean opposed the chauvinist position of the BSP leadership and took up a line against the war.

Taking up a statement from the BSP leadership urging a campaign of hate against Ger- man militarism, he wrote that: 'Our first business is to hate the British Capitalist system.'

This was close to Lenin's slogan, 'Our chief enemy is at home'. But the content of McLean's analysis was a long way from Leninism. It was not linked to the fight to build up a new sort of revolutionary party-hence McLean was unable consist- ently to take up the question of the betrayals of the chauvin- ists of Social Democracy. Nor was he able fully to analyse the imperialist nature of the war. Radical critique His near-isolation from the polemics of European socialism made it impossible for him to transcend an analysis deriving mainly from the liberal-radical critique of imperialism in Britain, associated with men like J. A. Hobson. The fact that McLean was unable to break completely with the methods of the old leaderships and to take up the theoretical fight for a new revolutionary leadership on Bolshevik lines had immediate practical consequences. He had many 'supporters' on Clydeside, workers who had responded to his propaganda, been had through or his economics classes. He tireless in his was But it propagandist work. remained propagandist. He was unable to build up an organized political force. Gallacher and Kirkwood, members of the ( on trial for encouraging munitions strikes di wartime demand for The munitions led to a big drive on Clydeside (and throughout Britain) for 'dilution' of the skilled labour force, which threatened the whole position of the engineers in particular.

This raised the conscious- ness of these workers to the extent that they were able to wage strike struggles in spite of the ruthless tactics of the government and the patriotic humbug of its allies in the press. The official trade union leaderships refused to lead these struggles and 'unofficial' leaderships were created. Not- able amongst these was the Clyde Workers' Committee, led by men like William Gallacher, David Kirkwood and Arthur McManus.

BBC 1

Addola Dduw. 1.30 1.05 p.m. Watch With Mother. 1.45-1.53 News and Weather. 0.20 4.35 School. 4.40 Jackanory. Crackerjack. 5.40 Junior Points Of View. 5.50 National News and Weather. 6.00 Entertaining With Kerr.

6.25 Quiz Ball. 6.45 The Virginian. 7.55 Not In Front Of The Children. 8.25 Golden Silents. Michael Bentine intro- duces movies from the National Film Theatre. 8.50 The Main News and Weather. 9.10 The Forsyte Saga. Re-screening of serial: Part one. 10.00 Marty Feldman in Marty Revisited. 10.30 24 Hours. 11.05 The Survivors. 11.55 Weatherman.

ITV

4.10 p.m. Ballet For All. 4.40 Hatty Town. 4.55 Lost In Space.

5.50 News. 6.03 Today. 6.30 Peyton Place. 7.00 Wheel Of Fortune. 7.30 Randall and Hopkirk (De- ceased). 8.30 On The Buses.

REGIONAL ITV

CHANNEL: 4.14

Puffin's Birth- 4.25 The Greetings Ghost and day Mrs Muir. 4.55 Thunderbirds. 5.50 News. 6.00 Channel News and Weather.

Report. 6.35 Crossroads. 6.10 Channel 7.00 On The Buses. 7.30 Marcus Welby MD. 8.25 Feature Film: 'The Turning Point' • With William Holden and Alexis Smith. 9.50 A Date With 11.00 Danton. 10.00 London. Peyton Place. 11.50 News and Weather in French followed by Weather.

SOUTHERN: 4.00 p.m. Houseparty. 1.15 News Headlines. 4.17 Hatty Town.

4.30 Crossroads. 4.55 Thunderbirds. 5.50 News. 6.00 Day By 6.00 Scene South-East. 6.40 Out Of 7.00 On The Buses. 7.30 Marcus Welby MD. 8.30 Parkin's Patch. 9.00 London.

10.30 Lonnie. 11.00 • London. 12 mid- night News Extra. 12.10 a.m.

Weather followed by Cardinal Heenan.

WESTWARD.

As Channel except. Sary ory Sports Deck To London, News Headlines. 4.14 The Sports Desk. 11.00 London.

Faith For Life. 12.06 12 midnight a.m. Weather. HARLECH: 4.20 p.m. It's Time For Me. 4.26 Castle Haven. 4.55 Cowboy In Africa. 5.50 News. 6.01 Report. 6.20 Batman. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 The •The Furies Corey and Friday with Bar- Film: bara Wendell Walter Huston. defies her arrogant father when falls in love with the man her father hates. 9.00 London. 10.30 Funny You Should Ask: new panel game. 11.00 London. 12 midnight Weather. Harlech (Wales) as above except: 4.26 p.m. Interlude. 4.29-4.55 Cross- 6.01 Y Dydd. 6.30-7.00 Welsh- roads. scene. ANGLIA: 4.25 p.m. Newsroom. 4.35 The Romper Room. 4.55 Cowboy In Africa. Crossroads. 5.50 News. 6.00 About 6.35 7.00 It Takes Thief. 8.00 Mr and Mrs. 8.30 London.

10.30 LSO Jubilee. 11.30 Horror Film: 'Shadow Of The with Andre Morell and Barbara a.m. Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS:

4.00 News _p.m. 4.02 Women Today. 4.15 Peyton Place.

4.40 Once Upon A Time. 4.55 Thun- 6.00 ATV Today. derbirds. 5.50 News. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 London. 10.30 The Players and the LSO. 11.30 Mid- lands Member: Tony Gardner, MP for Rushcliffe. 11.45 Interpol Calling. 12.14 a.m. Pulse followed by Weather.

BBC 2

11.00-11.20 a.m. Play School.

6.30 Time Machines. 7.30 News and Weather. 8.00 Waterline: Yacht-life of British re- tired in Malta. 8.25 Cold Comfort Farm. 9.10 Italian Cinema: "The Ban- dits of Orgosolo'. embers of the Clyde Workers' Committee, nitions strikes during the First World War.

McLean was on this com- mittee for a time at the end of 1915, but he broke with it over its failure to take up political fight against the a war. The Committee had put for- demand for the ward the nationalization of the muni- tions firms and for workers' participation in management, as a condition for co-operating in the policy of 'dilution'. This McLean argued correctly was merely asking for a share in management of the slaughter, unless it was linked to a fight against the war.

The Clyde Workers' Com- mittee was unable to go be- yond its essentially syndicalist eventually ideas, and was smashed by the government in March 1916. Friday, January 9, 1970

REGIONAL

except alone Program times BBC.1 North of England: 6.00-6.25 p.m. Look North, Weather. 11.57 News Head- lines. Scotland: 6.00-6.25 Reporting 8.25-8.50 Current Scotland. Account. 11.05-11.35 Monty Python's Flying Circus. 11.35 News Headlines, Weather. Northern Ireland: 6.00-6.25 Weather. Around Six Headlines, Weather. Wales: 1.30-1.45 p.m. Ar Lin Mam. Today. 6.00-6.25 Wales 6.45-7.05 Heddiw. 7.05-7.30 Bob Yn Dri. 7.30- 7.55 Week In Week Out. 10.00-10.30 Llygad Y Geiniog. 11.57 Weather.

South and West: 6.00-6.25 p.m. Points South Today, Spotlight South-West, Weather. 11.57 Headlines, News Weather, Weekend Road Works Re- port. 9.00 Manhunt. 10.00 News. 10.30 Parkin's Patch. 11.00 The Players and the LSO.

With Dudley Moore, Michael Flanders and the London Symphony Orchestra. 12 midnight Modern Man-The Loser ?

ULSTER:

4.30 Romper Room. 4.50 News. 4.55 Cowboy In Africa. 5.50 News. 6.00 UTV Reports. 6.35 Cross- roads. 7.00 Friday Cinema: "Atomic City' , with Gene Lydia cary Gates Milburn Stone, Lydia Clarke -ee Aaker. 8.30 London. 10.30 Sports cast. 10.55 Friday Night.

11.00-12 mid- night London.

YORKSHIRE:

4.00 News. 4.02 p.m. Houseparty. 4.15 Felix The Cat. 4.20 I've Married A Bachelor. 4.55 Tarzan. 5.50 News. Calendar 6.00 Parkins Patch 7.30 OF The Buses.

Parkin's Patch. On The Buses. 8.00 Marcus Welby MD. 9.00 Happy Ever After: 'The Prank'. with Ann William Lynn and Marlowe. Christ- mas testing laboratory. 10.30 York- shire Special: Soccer in the Seventies. London. 11.00 12 midnight Late Weather. GRANADA: 4.15 News Headlines fol- lowed by Hatty Town. 4.25 The Short Story. 5.00 Joe 90. 5.20 Woobinda- Animal Doctor. 5.50 News. 6.00 News- view. 6.05 The Beverly Hillbillies. 6.30 Yesterdays. Buses. 7.30 Put It In Writing. 7.35 The Name Of The Game. 9.00 •Lon- don. 10.30 The Players and the LSO.

11.30 The Big Valley. TYNE TEES: 4.08 p.m. Newsroom. 4.10 For 4.53 Ballet All. 4.40 London. Newsroom. 4.55 Cowboy In Africa. 5.50 News. 6.00 Today. 6.30 The Parkin's Beverly Hillbillies. 7.00 7.30 On The Buses. 8.00 Patch. ( The Wild West. 9.00 London. 10.30 The and the

LSO

11.30 Monster Movies: "Frankestein'. with Boris Karloff. The daddy of them all. 12.50 a.m. News. SCOTTISH: 4.20 p.m. Scotland Early. Crossroads. 4.55 4.30 Cowboy Africa. 5.50 News. 6.00 Scotland Now 6.30 A Handful Of Songs with Alasdair Gillies, Robin Hall. Jimmie McGregor 7.00 and Tsai Chin. The Legend of Tesse lames. 7.30 The Pevton Place Hour. 8.30 London. 10.30 In Camera. 11.00 London. 12 midnight Late Call.

GRAMPIAN: 4.16

p.m. Plupp. 4.25 Castle Haven. 4.55 Tarzan. 5.50 News. 6.00 Grampian News. 6.10 Why On Earth? 6.30 Bugs Bunny. 6.35 Bonanza.

King 7.35 Adam 12. 8.00 The Dave Show. 8.30 The Saint. 9.30 McCue's Music. 10.00 News. 10.30 Points North. 11.00 London. 12 midnight Road and Ski Report. Directed by Vittorio de Seta. Sardinian shepherd turns to banditry. The leading roles all are played by Sardinian shepherds. 10.40 News, Weather. 10.45 Line-Up. Yet the bourgeois authorities —particularly the officials of the Ministry of Munitions— were more afraid of its leaders than they were of McLean.

They knew that it required well-conceived scheme to a divide the CWC leaders off from the workers out of whose immediate struggles the com- mittee had sprung. McLean was able to analyse the weakness of the committee, despite his general yet, 'following' on the Clyde, he had no alternative organization.

As one civil servant pointed out early in 1916: 'The removal' from Glasgow of men like Gallacher Kirkwood, 'would at once big strike, unless cause a tactics were carefully worked out. Sentences But McLean, he felt, not being a worker, could prob- ably be more easily dealt with.

He was dealt with several times during the war. First, he received a mild sentence for making the statement I have been enlisted for 15 years in the socialist army. God damn all other armies'. Thereafter he was sacked from his job as a teacher by the Govan School Board. In 1916, he received a three-year sentence, and in 1918 a five- sentence for offences year under the Defence of Realm Acts-making statements pre- judicial to recruiting and likely to cause disaffection amongst the civil population, The mounting pressure of the working class on Clydeside was such however that McLean served only a small propor- tion of these sentences, about 15 months of the first, and only six months of the second.

The second part of this article will appear in to- morrow's Workers Press.

Friday, January 9, 1970 DURING the 20th cen- tury, the state has come to play an indispensable role in the functioning of capitalism.

HARRISON E.

Salisbury needs no intro- duction to those who have read his previous books - 'Behind the Lines-Hanoi' and 'The Siege of Leningrad'. • York Times' • This 'New journalist is an observer of the growing tensions within world Stalinism and claims he has inside information about the development of what he calls "The Coming War between Russia and China' Salisbury sets out to show that tensions between the present the Soviet Union- China and which already led to tensions a number of bloody border bat- tles between Chinese and Soviet troops--have their origins in the 13th century Mongol invasions and the Tsarist attempts to seize in the 19th Chinese territory century. For him, the Sino-Soviet con- flict is merely another manifesta- tion of great power diplomacy, between 'socialist' this time rather than capitalist states.

While one cannot deny that the border questions have their roots in the unequal treaties squeezed out of China by Tsarist imperialism before 1905, Salis- bury's 'explanations' along these lines tell only part of the story.

Above all, the Sino-Soviet con- flict is a symptom of the mortal crisis of world Stalinism.

Gained territory Tsarist Russia, Salisbury as points wrested large out, stretches of territory, particularly on the Pacific seaboard, from the moribund Manchu dynasty. In the Treaty of Aigun (1858) China was forced to cede the north bank of the Amur River.

The Treaty of Peking, two years later, tore away the whole Amur basin and a considerable strip the of coast right down to Korean border. In a further series of unequal end of the cen- treaties at the tury a combination of bribery and superior armed forces won the Tsar considerable interests in Manchuria and the Kwantung peninsula. Though the Tsar lost the Manchurian concessions as a result of the catastrophic Russian the 1905 war with defeat in Japan, the Siberian territories were retained. Russian expansion into formerly Chinese territory also pushed ahead in central Asia. All the imperialist nations- Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Portugal, the United States. were at this time crowding in to dismember China and establish colonies and concessions there.

Their activities led to the 1900 'Boxer' Rebellion and the First Chinese Revolution of 1911, led by the Nationalist Sun Yat-sen.

Smashed 'prison' The Russian Revolution of 1917 smashed the Tsarist 'prison of the nations' and stimulated a massive movement of the Chinese working class. Within four years of its forma- tion in 1920, the Chinese Com- munist Party commanded the support of millions of industrial workers and poor peasants.

The Soviet attitude to China, under Lenin, was the reverse of the Tsarist policy. But Lenin's undertakings to aid the Chinese Revolution with mili- tary and economic specialists be- came a weapon in Stalin's hands after Lenin's death. Under Stalin's orders, Borodin and his team of 'advisors" collab- orated closely with the Nation- Unemployed workers from arrow march to London during the big depression. This has been a matter not Economic theory as taught in the universities, one of the of choice, but of necessity; a 'purest' forms of capitalist ideology (in the Marxist sense), sign not of the viability of has-slowly and often reluct- this mode of production but antly-adapted itself to this situation. of its decay. the most influential While

'THE COMING WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA

AND CHINA'

By Harrison E. Salisbury Pan books 5s. (25p.) Review by John Spencer alists and urged the young Com- Following the victory of the Party into a bloc with 1949 Revolution Mao Tse-tung Kai-shek. travelled to Moscow to negotiate Chiang with In 1927 Chiang butchered the of alliance the working leaders of the Chinese Soviet Union. thaotes hrshreates class and defeated the growing Salisbury Stalin workers' treated Satenent Mao *like suppliant' during ment. Menshevik Stalin's criminal these negotiations. policy of 'the bloc of four classes' The treaty, signed after long chiefly responsible for this was weeks of hard secret bargaining, despite the crushing blow, warn- only did Stalin reflected this: not Trotsky and the Left of all the old Tsarist terri- Telall Opposition. torial but he de- conquests, The Chinese Communist Party manded that the 'special position' the Manchuria- of Port forced to undertake control was In long and bitter struggle Arthur, and Kwantung-be re- which culminated en the stipulated series in the victory tained, and Chinese Revolution of unequal economic agreements.

of the in 1949. Though Mao and his followers Soviet pittance now profess the most rabid wor- Stalin pledged only 300 million ship. of Stalin, almost every step in the 1949 Revolution, as Salis- dollars in aid over five-year total of only bury period, making a correctly points out, was achieved 60 million dollars a year.

defiance of Stalin's Interest on the sums was fully wishes. Chinese troops seen during the recent Ussuri River incidents on the Soviet-Chin repayable. As Salisbury says: Stalin's ambassador was the aid the Compared to the last diplomatic representative to transfer the Nationalist United States was giving even to from small Asian countries this was a forces to the Chinese Red Army 1949, long after Mao's forces pittance and the terms were those of a miser.' Nationalist had turned the treat into a rout. He describes the joint-stock companies established under the 'not different Sharply criticized much from the kind of deals Standard Russian Stalin's Great Oil or Shell Petroleum made with own had become clear weak colonial countries'.

chauvinism 'even before Lenin's death. He The was followed himse the Chinese victory Dzherzhinski sharply Revolution and were criticized by Lenin for their con- immediately experts purge duct in the course of negotiations Stalin's 'China Georgian national lead- Borodin and the American with the ers in 1922, Stalinist Anna Louise Strong of the Chinese In the vere consignea to puson camps made it Revolution Stalin one which Borodir died abundantly clear that he would during 1953. all the all the Soviet special- hang on to territories Almost torn from China under the Tsar.

China ists imprisoned on were At the of the Second and the majority died. end World doubt that Stalin War, Soviet troops oc- There is no Manchuria and under considered them cupied 'too close' to Stalin's direction proceeded Mao Tse-tung. This was not all. Salsibury puts strip its industrial assets. forward considerable evidence to The big stocks of Japanese that fell their hands show that the Korean War was were given, the Chinese begun at Stalin's instigation and Red Army, but to Chiang Kai- that the chief of the aim war chief shek, the enemy of com- was to bring the whole of Korea munism in China. under Soviet influence, thus ring- Right up to 1949, Stalin main- China from the east. ing tained the most cordial relations The Chinese, he points out, drawn with this butcher of the workers.

were only into the

WORKERS' PRES

economists in the Anglo-Saxon tradition were always prag- matic enough to accept that circumstances there were which warranted the interven- state in tion of the the economy, at least until the 1930s it was assumed that the laws of the market should be allowed the fullest possible scope for operation. The object of policy, it was held, should be to contribute to this-notably by maintain- ing free trade, balancing the budget and upholding the gold standard. It was on these bases, in- deed, that British capitalism had assumed world predomin- ance in the 19th century.

The First World War brought fundamental changes in the international structure of capi- talism which most economists and policy-makers were slow to appreciate. In the 1920s, they continued to hope that Britain's pre-war power could be restored by orthodox methods, including the return to the gold stand- ard.

BOOK REVIEW

when the US forces threatened to cross the Yalu, and China had no interest in provoking war with the United States less than two end of the after the years Chinese Civil War. Bitter blow The victory of the Chinese Revolution in 1949 represented in reality a bitter blow to the Soviet bureaucracy. Yugoslay. revolution Like the of 1941-1945, the overthrow of capitalism China threatened in the carefully protected edifice of 'socialism in one country'.

Just as in the case of Yugo- slavia, Stalin strove might and main to hold the Chinese Revo- in check and to impose lution his own control over it. Stalin's heirs continued his policy almost to the letter, as Salisbury shows. Though forced to disgorge Port Arthur and the Kwantung penin- sula-nearly two years after the date set for handing over these territories in the 1950 treaty— Khrushchev contemptuously re- fused to discuss with Mao any revision of the unequal treaties.

On the contrary, he began en- couraging 'volunteers' to go by their thousands into the 'empty the Soviet-Chinese border.

lands' in Eastern Siberia, build- ing up big industrial and military complexes in the disputed areas.

Khrushchev Bulganin and set out deliberately to woo friends among the capitalist states of Asia, above all to win support against China from the Indian ruling class. China, on the other hand, tried to set up the Bandung alliance of 'anti-imperialist' states (the alli- ance collapsed almost completely with the defeat of Sukarno in Indonesia). No backing In 1958, the Soviet leaders refused to back China in her campaign to oust the Nationalist troops from the offshore islands.

The Soviet Stalinists now des- cribe the bombardment Quemoy and Matsu as 'a deliber- ate provocation of the US and Chiang Kai-shek troops' They claim that China's action violated the terms of the 1950 treaty which demands consulta- tion over 'all important inter- national problems affecting the interests of China and common the Soviet Union'. The Chinese rightly claim that the question of Formosa is an internal one.

VORKERS' PRESS

Then, with foreign invest- ment resumed, British • exports could once again flourish and the pound sterling could look the dollar in the face. In fact the orthodox policies by Conservative and pursued Labour governments in the 1920s only made matters worse. There was a permanent core of over one million unem- ployed and the old centres of British industrial power mained depressed even when, as in the closing years of the decade, other countries experi- enced a boom. This book examines these policies in some detail, but mainly as background to ex- plain the impact made by the of John teachings Maynard Keynes from the 1930s on- wards. Professor Winch centres his The Sino-Indian war and the withdrawal of Soviet specialists in 1960 marked the open break between China and the Soviet Union. The dispute that had festered under ' the surface for so many years broke openly as both sides exchanged wilder and wilder charges and counter-charges.

In the 1962 border war with India, the Kremlin came down openly on the side of the quite capitalist Indian - government.

Both sides build up vast troop concentrations along the common border and China began all-out preparations to develop nuclear weapons. 1966 China exploded its In first atomic bomb. The tone of the polemics-in- creasingly bitter-more and more came down to military threats.

Salisbury speculates the possibility of 'pre- against the Chinese nuclear stations in Sin- kiang and Inner Mongolia and a Soviet blitzkrieg attack on Peking. Ample evidence There is no doubt that sec- tions of the Soviet bureaucracy want war with China. Salisbury produces ample evi- dence of this. He shows how the most back- ward Black Hundred racialism is systematically whipped up against the 'yellow peril' inside the USSR —a policy fully in line with the bureaucracy's of persecution national minorities in the USSR itself. The Soviet bureaucracy is re- vealed as counter-revolutionary to the core and carrying out the old Tsarist policy of chauvinism in order to preserve themselves from the threat of revolution.

But the Chinese bureaucracy itself cannot oppose the Soviet Stalinists from any principled standpoint. Once again, the Stalinist theory of 'socialism in country' one plays its pernicious counter- revolutionary role. Because of their slavish Stalin- worship (shared by a powerful section of the Soviet bureaucracy —ironically by their most bitter Soviet opponents) the Chinese leaders can make no revolution- ary appeal to the working class in the Soviet Union, which hates Stalinism from bitter experience.

On the contrary, the policy of the Chinese bureaucracy only provides ammunition for their Soviet opponents. Not only can the latter hide their behind war preparations propaganda that China wants to restore Stalinism', they are able influence to large sections of backward workers with talk of 'defence of the fatherland' against the 'yellow menace'.

Nationalist relations The Soviet bureaucracy is thus enabled enth the Nationals Chiang Kai- shek regime in Formosa and, of course, to work constantly for an alliance with US imperialism against China. Stalinism remains the most deadly enemy of both the Chinese and the Soviet workers. The Russian and Chinese workers must root out this para- sitic growth by revolutionary means in combination with the working class of eastern Europe and the West. The fight for the Fourth Inter- national to lead these struggles and overcome the legacy Stalinist in counter-revolution Asia remains the only way to fight against the danger of Salis- bury's 'coming war'. attention on the theories and policies of professional econo- mists and, to a lesser extent, of politicians, civil servants and bankers--in that order.

Little attention is given to what was said in the press or to the policies of the political parties. No one, except other econo- mists, can believe that policy was really determined by the economists. Because it is difficult to trace out the influence of big business and the banks that does not at all mean that it was not paramount. For all its pretentions to make a weighty contribution to the issues, this book really skates round them. The Gen- eral Strike is only mentioned in passing and nothing is said about the sharpening of class antagonisms which followed the end of the First World War. The question of Britain's imperialist position, and its decline as a consequence of the war and the pressure of the United States, receives hardly a mention. * Every effort is made, indeed, to evade the unpleasant reali- ties and find 'technical' reasons for Britain's economic difficul- ties. The realism of the treatment does not improve when Pro- fessor Winch moves on to con- sider the 1930s, when, so he a new era of claims, policy- making' began. The experience of the world economic depression shook confidence in the virtues of the market as a self-equilibriating mechanism. Each country sought its own salvation by insulating itself as far as possible from the shocks transmitted from the world market. International monetary chaos took the place of the automatic gold standard. It was in this situation that already an accepted Keynes, authority, emerged as some- thing like a prophet-the role in which he is still cast by admirers such as Winch. It can be shown that there was little in Keynes which was new or original and that much was confused of his theory and contradictory. § 4913 The General Strike: A scab bus driver in police protection. When his 'General Theory' in 1936, appeared however, bourgeois economics was at its lowest point. It was unable to explain the persistence of un- employment or the depth and intensity of the crisis. The policy recommendations it had made had palpably little no effect on the revival or which had taken place from the depths of the depression in 1932-1933. Keynes had shown himself willing already, on a purely basis, pragmatic to oppose 'orthodoxy' in specific cases.

He had made his reputation as an opponent of the Treaty of Versailles and reparations.

He had criticized the return to gold at the pre-war parity.

He advocated protective tariffs when most of his col- leagues stood by free trade.

What Keynes argued was that there was no force in the market which ensured full em- ployment and thus the highest aggregate profit in the system as a whole. He showed that, in the changed world conditions, the policies which had ensured the prosperity of British capitalism in the past were now burdens.

While most economists were preoccupied with the way in which prices were determined

'ECONOMICS AND

A Historical Study by I Twentieth Century St Hodder and Stough Reviewed by Tom

BOOK REVI

in a market assumed to be competitive, Keynes empha- sized the forces which deter- mined investment, savings, total output, the level of em- ployment and the other aggre- gates. His theories tended to prove that the market provided no automatic way of ensuring that these remained at or near the highest attainable level.

This gave the state a new and more positive economic role than most economists had prepared hitherto been to accept. Through its taxing and spending powers, or through its control over the money supply, the state could and should do what the market was incapable .. of doing. Free trade, the gold standard, balanced competition, budget-the old shibboleths of 19th-century policy—had to be sacrificed in order to make capitalism work. Keynes's 'General Theory' came too late to influence policy in the 1930s, though it was distinctly a product of the depression. Although the state was forced to intervene directly in b bus driver in London under the economy to prevent break- down, it did so, as Winch points out, on a piecemeal basis, with no clear strategy.

It muddled through in a typically English way on the strength of the considerable advantages which British capi- talism retained from the past and on the defeats inflicted on the working class in 1926 and then in 1931 by the betrayals of the Labour leadership.

Social-democracy had no alternative policy for the crisis.

* Some of its supporters were thinking along the same lines as Keynes and took up his ideas. But this was not an alternative policy; it was only a more up-to-date method of saving the institutions of private property and profit.

Keynes was a declared enemy of socialism and the working class. His intention was to save capitalism by providing the existing state with new tools for doing the job, i.e. for supplementing the laws of the market. Winch writes as one who believes that Keynes made a revolution in economic thought and policy. accepts that He clearly Keynesian policies, subject to some amendment and improve- ment, provide the means for

PAGE THREE

MICS AND POLICY'

Study by Donald Winch. Century Studies Series and Stoughton, 63s. ned by Tom Kemp

OK REVIEW

John Maynard Keynes: His 'general theory' came too late to influence policy in the 1930s. enabling 'managed' capitalism to cope with its problems.

His treatment of the period since 1945 is made from this standpoint. He makes no real underlying analysis of the forces or the main problems of the past 25 years. Although referring to the problem of inflation and dis- cussing policy in both Britain and the United States, his treatment of the 1950s and 1960s is summary and confined to the field of policy. International monetary ques- tions, and in particular the relationship between US im- perialism and the world mar- including Britain, are hardly mentioned. Armaments spending is dealt with by an equally dis- creet silence. The book is therefore certain of success with his fellow-economists.

Although the majority of professional economists, whose numbers in any case greatly increased during and after the Second World War, became adherents of Keynesianism, its victories at the policy level were less complete. However, the burden of Winch's argument in the clos- ing chapters is that govern- ment policy has been the major factor in making possible capi- talism's expansion since 1945.

His conclusion, that 'like it or not, we have entered into an era not merely of extensive state involvement in economic affairs but of continuous and economic manage- ment, be would seem to obvious. * Assuming the indefinite ex- istence of capitalism, his post- script is mainly concerned with the ways in which economics can make a contribution to its efficient functioning, especially through the guidance it can offer to policy-makers. In fact, he has provided a kind of source-book for 'the official economic adviser' within working government machinery. Certainly important an change in the ideological role of the economist has taken place in the past two decades as a concomitant of the de- velopment of state-managed capitalism increasingly domin- ated by the big monopolies.

Apologetics for the freely- functioning market mechanism would clearly be out of place.

Economists have developed a new expertise in handling complex quantitative data (in- analysis, mathe- put-output matical economics, econome- trics). In so doing they have be- come indispensable both to the state and to the big corpora- tions. They no longer merely have to defend capitalism as its 'hired prize-fighters' in their books or from the lecture platform. They have now been drawn more and more directly into the running of the system and their ideological commitment has therefore become not less but greater than before. Few of them can now ana- lyse the workings of the capi- talist mode of production with Marx the objectivity which appreciated in Ricardo. Rather than making a break with the past in a radical therefore, direction, Keynes became the leader of a school which was in essence reaction- ary.

WORKERS' PRESS

PAGE FOUR

Italian motor workers show the way The fight against speed-up at Pirelli THE MILAN PIRELLI plant has been a centre of struggle By our forelgn correspondent throughout the post-war period. It is the main buyer of petro-chemical synthetics from Agip (the state petrol firm) and the major supplier of tyres to Fiat and cables Incensed by the importing of tyres from Greece and Spain electricity and the telecommunications to state Pirelli workers management cars industries. Milan plant. now workers Vicious were employed The nicocca Dant about two miles from the city centre.

Dut Dy 199y. rirell nad new run its labour force down to 14,000 without reducing output. attacks half of begin This Note

CHEMICAL

trade the unions Prela 'Bicocca' factory in Milan called one-hour •stoop ges Using lock-outs in different workers and than the expired one. These or orin intuded rates, doubline-wo the grade promotion. Wage-cuts - an averato, 969 through the 1964' bureaucracies had failed to do he Pirelli rank-and-file con kers-cries out for bold rev that wo years -despite mittee shy awa from politic leadership pressure of a total strike. sist Party's rote as o in 19e battle was perspective determined that • begins ing social services and living v1964 defeat. epetit heir whole class's—peril developm Leadership , Press. Pire lu stated month could ee Italy presentine ation Italian section of The 303 the production made to bonu and clas mediate and most ungent task.

enorense of an and case 15,000 heads. Sack threat Many

B-LEYLAND (BATHGATE)

more

WORKERS ACCEPT

'a morine in the seri workers, incensed

PRODUCTIVITY

in the m criticisms, they ment car park.

SPAY

and productivity den was accented vesterda morning at a mass meeting of the 2,500 shop-floor workers at British-Leyland's Bathgate Scotland plant in 168i to After argument voting meth productivity, rank-and- Shor for word wad, opens the he has to be posed by at the their can Deatment of employ. protest 2,500. plant issessment of the deal, re of Milan stars and al be see bit conaltions Asturian coalfield Elan vim agains

R PAGE ONE

Semary: s fascisy without pay until

GREET

All-out fight so far ins

WORKERS PRESS

not dared to Newscaster foGeneral".

• FROM PAGE ONE

Commando the US High fuel The crisis of the Thieu United Europe at a public meeting See the film of the first issue being prepared and printed and the film 'Young Socialists, 1969

CORRECTION

Labour govern edifice of Spanish Sunday January 25, 2-30 p.m.

Town Hall, High Street Group

WEATHER

January

ACTON

Non area, E Midlands, SE with Speakers: for all y with pends Bright interval

SHEILA TORRANCE

(National Secretary of the Young Socialists) or Cloudy win sale. Cold. Maximun

WINS DAINA

2°C (361). (Editor of Workers Press)

G. HEALY

quotes the followiner. Mainly (National Secretary of Socialist Labour League) Trotsky cloudy with occasional rain.

Friday, January 9, 1970 • Some 110,000 Jewish families in Israel Broken (about 17 per cent) are living in sub-standard homes. • ine average number or persons per room only three years ago was higher in Israel than in any western country promises • In education, there is a particularly high 'drop-out' rate, after primary school, of children from families of Asian or African origin-reasons being bad home conditions and economic pres sures on the family. in the 'promised

CHARLES PARKINS

THESE ARE some of the facts and figures about land' conditions in the Zionists' "promised land, which were revealed in the report of a special 'Conference on Human Needs' held recently in | Jerusalem. Social workers and gor- administrators ernment Confusion participated that hoUsing a * the racialist over dock homer youples, and ne core the law ens are equal closure young couples, tributing to the deciming birth apralems the special oppressed Arab rate. Thed that the Tewish bior

BY PETER READ

cere should increas THE INTERVENTION of the government Chief Whip Health hazards and Bermondsey MP Robert Mellish spells a warning that cational in sta concertea enorts equality ing racial made to divert the fight of Jews Apprentin. against the closure of the surrey docks into a blind Refused housing alley. Recalling the redundancies London Authority should housing con requirem tris Brown's phoney Confuse whe situation. confuse the peace tour forces EGYPTIAN president Gamel Abdel Nasser is thought to favour a 'negotiated settlement' in the Middle East, if reports of his private talks with British special envoy Tenants George Brown are to be believed.

Rrown

• FROM PAGE ONE

Accoralns

BY JOHN SPENCER

admitted that while taken stand • A or he Palestinian national movemen for promising Brown ses Arab inside and opinion, Was pilvaleis Town so in t his sa se

WILL

ovitries during thi This monows Yea cleari guidelines Camden mouthpiece zine, which sty even more eru hing doreas 10 tenants' ment basedals the Arab masses. "Cao to william toni 'Pioneered' Es must be defeated ned in the une 19g marcu tives must be that Nasser woul

ELES

su there ho the instine "Go it alone' Nasser is Ba the employer move to eir the Syria refer Arab county would accept iN modation.

mediation. intense shadows a Stockers,

ORDER THEDAILY

he throats of the Aral Collaborating tainer ports.

NOW

Cannot pay con series i moves. and its triends Imperi Tilbury, which is proceediot ureau Arab revolu • "Conners 200,000 with the dary Zionisn OR that 82 108. • for threa system at Sheer e1 for permanent thras months of making кої абргаю I would llke to subscribe to Workers' Pross for to be fought aers Name Address ... of their own pedsalls "Published Hish Street Betrayal Clap am Clah ter, London, i far: 0.92020089 Pood phan Stret, London: Such a paraya old bean