Workers Press no. 190

Vote Labour!

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY •

NUMBER 190 • THURSDAY. JUNE 18. 1970

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

IN MAY AND JUNE 1969 the British working class, despite a weak leadership, gave an unfor- gettable demonstration of its power and unity when it forced the Wilson government to shelve its reactionary White Paper.

This was a double blow aimed not only against the Trender to air is not a тосто *° sio de trage theM the Marxist traitorous Labour leaders, used or distracted by sec é Socialism of the El,UUU June the also against but wil hut e bases of shal of the class employers and the lories Appeal Fund Wilson makes place in to content di who supported raise Consciousness without cavil. jumps to eateit so world sins workers about th Today, although the line up "The proletariat, as Trot in 29 and at a time when bott one des with od are te is the independ £378 15s 11d class we hay ts oppressors working class une 1919. the orkers Pr work On the contrary, it is not Foreign polic

A REMARKABLE POST.

the Communist the orders 583 9s Sd tumbled ou ° Manites layers our precansto capitalist layers tent of our policy and pro- on our aesk yesterday mord- showing ender preciat While Wilson tried to open demand fo to bater The cor domi

ALL TRADES UN

Gaulle in the 1965

DEMAND TUC CALLA

detailles statee could not find a gre defeat came in 68, at delicat struggle begun by

GENERAL STRIKE TU

still need 8621 An ld t un trement laseycal Post all

DEFEAT ANTI-UNION LANS

events in Britain. Not to vote Labour is learnin

* CONFERED

ance that United States

ELECTION

I would also serious trie ense ofed to question

RESULTS

Our task ionism as opportunists which for the first

EDITION

beginning to participate in the The latter play an extremel and businessmen rere in this election batosing disce an unforgettable de goverament plans.

the party wit Wilson is a traitor dependent political action.

the 'only socialist policy.

Unionist Only Trotskyism can prepare for boss still denies a socialist victory and detend Paisley deal OUR CALL for the return of a Labour govern- the working class ment in loudys elecuon is m no wav a vole ter-CREMIER of confidence in Wilson's reformist leadership.

the working class has many bitter memorie of reformist betrayals. of class-collaboration, which mat Henr leaders of the second mes crowded meting in blymen • be shanted within the Briti incoherent for much ot the the trade unions and parlia Ma Done a have loved per froe ta to lay the toun e sking

SPEARHEAD

movement battles sise both bet Eu Scandinavia tain an Seven to so eh reformist to convince the adie Spain. working spainst the saint that the Ulster parasitic Soviet bureal tant Unionists the tundamenal su international workers set the this he unico. moyee dominance of this Marxist, will The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d.

OUR PROGRAMME TO

MEET THE CRISIS

THE FOLLOWING programme is the basic points of the Manifesto Keep the Tories out!

Vote Labour June 18' adopted by the 12th National Conference of the Socialist Labour League.

NATIONALIZE:

TO START with, the banks, building societies, finance companies and the land, together with the big industrial monopolies and large enterprises of Communist all kinds, should be nationalized without compensation bers and potential under workers' control. the reject CP

WORKERS' CONTROL:

EXISTING

nationalized industries be must placed so because the CP under workers' control and all compensation and reformist interest payments to ex-owners suspended immediately.

tionary programme The mergers and rationalizations of banks and deludes industrial firms going on at a rapid rate in recent years, about the nature of supported and often assisted financially by the Wilson tries to the interests of the government, make such a task easier.

class with those of They have, in fact, become ripe for taking over so that they can become the basis for the organization gn policy a planned economy in which the needs of the people, and not the profits of a handful of rich men, would articularly revealed guide production. in policy or, as the

TRADE:

its 'pro. AT THE same time a state monopoly of import and the export trade would be imposed. The inflow of luxury support of imports for the rich would come to an end. Trade agree- in governments to ments with the workers' states (USSR, E Europe, China) system of collec- and other countries in the course of economic develop- based ment would be made. gnition of the post- exist-

INVESTMENTS:

German THE immense investment held overseas by British banks, insurance houses, big corporations and wealthy I not find a greater individuals would be brought immediately under the 1 a more monsters socialism than this. supervision and control of the state.

states un-

DEBTS:

that it is prepared the re- ALL international short-term debts contracted for the of Greece, defence of capitalism would be repudiated.

All military France Italy. expenditure incurred to protect the world position of keep Germany British imperialism would be stopped and all troops divided is not Party, but a coa withdrawn from foreign and colonial countries.

It is only by making deep inroads into capitalist patriots wealth and property that the source of the crisis can be speak removed. The idea that there is a solution of the crisis Security' in which leaves the capitalists' interests untouched is an for the illusion. lass to oppress and

COMPENSATION:

working class and democratic and FOREIGN capitalist investments in Britain would also come under the control of the state. Any question condoning of mili- compensation payments would be considered only after

FOUR COL. 9 →

the domestic programme to meet the crisis was paid for.

Such measures would necessarily bring to an end the activities of the Stock Exchange and all spaculators and profiteers. The power of the capitalist would be broken.

REPEALS:

THE Prices and Incomes Act must be repealed, as will all laws against the trade unions.

The Immigration Act would be repealed.

All charges in connection with the Health Service would be abolished. made in social services, housing and All the cute education would be restored.

HEALTH SERVICE:

MEASURES would immediately be put in hand to re- organize and expand the Health Service and all the social services. main task there-

ASSISTANCE:

the expose AN ATTACK would be launched against poverty bs raising benefits, abolishing the svstem of National movement, what- Assistance with its prying and probing and enabling all elderly people to spend the rest of their lives free from material anxiety. support of capital- vithin the British

HOUSING:

revolu- THE WHOLE building trade and the massive techno- licies and leader- logical means now available would be mobilized to deal defence of with the housing crisis and make possible the organiza- and Monte tion of housing as a social service.

can only Free from landlordism and the interest encouraging racket. provide re-build the cities and class to plan to end the slums,

TACT

role of a reasonable standard of housing for all would be put the time in hand as a matter of priority.

revolutionary Immediate re-housing of the homeless in the leadership mansions and luxury homes of the rich.

and

SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS:

s been our bolicy yists both before

SPECIAL

attack made on sub-standard would be Wilson came to school buildings. A plan would be drawn up for re- building and expanding hospitals and providing special have we facilities now non-existent or deficient.

the centre of the Funds would be made available for medical re- search and to end the present shameful dependence on 11 The ropolitian. ative to reformism, appeals for charity. Socialist together

INSURANCE AND PENSIONS:

Socialists ALL INCREASES in insurance and pension charges will Trades Unions be cancelled. The funds will be re-couped out of levies on thei by direct wealthy and afterwards maintained on with this charges on production each vear.

Considerable savings will necessary thus be possible in struggle administration costs. ormism and build

• PAGE FOUR COL. 8 →

Vote Labour! workers press INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 190 • THURSDAY. JUNE 18. 1970 June 18

POLLING DAY

Why you must Expose Wilson's IN MAY AND JUNE 1969 the British working class, despite a weak leadership, gave an unfor- gettable demonstration of its power and unity reformist policies when it forced the Wilson government to shelve its reactionary White Paper.

This was a double blow der abilar is not a hes in to he aimed not only against the one and and which must have a sub th traitorous Labour leaders, after struggle the Marxis well as se n diversionse t E1,000 June Nore labor today. but also against the naren separately but strike employers and the Tories trade General Election Appeal Fund supported who wilson national common enerativiste Tories.

he level without cavil. es generally in the - sreatest (UMpS 10 not think that minority in the Yorking £378 15s 11d and i with , are faced Workers Press sunse 1917. Ald, i Reques and postal e British working classt Integral an our progra ing. oremprace it a distorted way me Our терт world-wide Cheer appreciation o reauers are ving struggle of the The es are pow looks good for th

ALL TRADES

dee 18 s the they we

GEERA STAMEN

still need £621 4s ld.

JEFEAT ANTH

An or 1950 2) Post all dorket once to:

ION LAWS

FORANT. ROENCY SO!

TONS

1970 soir be he omplete their 1 Direel British

CEX

sinse ene inact particularl but against Prices he mile destin and

ELECTION

inst the thet would also

RESULTS

serious tal Our task for the

EDITION

I oil never Wisdom her of the Tory Parts riod the working clas marina lis, not to the ene gave an untorgetta back gonerament plans strengta by passing On orders to 720-2000. Unionist Only Trotskyism can prepare for boss still denies a socialist victory and defend Paisley deal OUR CALL for the return of a Labour govern- the working class ment in today's election is in no way a vote of confidence in Wilson's reformist leadership.

The working class has many bitter memories Wilsons betrayals are too of reformist betrayals. Communist inderstanding o internationat became annist and Intes- Lend stalinists on interest with its into the explore m defend Capitay bit, ahrough a state. now Ulster. it was. copid be built in the Soviet Nauseating from social democr hopeful. or tang s 'sake and apologico da Bolshevik Party from socialisentary cease our struggle Woom nine seized deyal complet May 1926. triumph • the

EXPOSE

ploy bogan the foun The no of phe working dation. Cor led directi

SPEARHEAD

They too speared the Social 9 parting of and Demor remain the to spilt the verto Her teen revolution ways o to the sh ism. Terna Sonals had proved apable yes bankrupton rost and not to ump rade ated without a fight truggle defeats role could be a Yone voice in the working class. a the working sparasitic Soviet Bureaut truggle to thi vork on the Serious who know wes thets progran the Les and he directi the interests en dominance of this of the ruling Issue of the "working Reformism is the theory class in Britain. be con- Class, We meers and premis cialism of the re conscious py ande morning the its oppressors. shinary Livine poldwith ctiveshe revolutionary par-y. The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d. THE FOLLOWING programme is the basic points of the Manifesto 'Keep the Tories out!

Vote Labour June 18' adopted by the 12th National Conference of the Socialist Labour League.

NATIONALIZE:

TO START with, the banks, building societies, finance and insurance companies and the land, together with the big industrial monopolies and large enterprises of all kinds, should be nationalized without compensation potential under workers' control. the

WORKERS' CONTROL:

EXISTING

industries nationalized be placed must under workers' and all and control compensation interest payments to ex-owners suspended immediately.

The mergers and rationalizations of banks and deludes industrial firms going on at a rapid rate in recent years, supported and often assisted financially by the Wilson to government, make such a task easier.

They have, in fact, become ripe for taking over so that they can become the basis for the organization of a planned which the needs of the people, economy in and not the profits of a handful of rich men, would guide production.

¡TRADE:

'po- JAT THE same time a state monopoly of import and the export trade would be imposed. The inflow of luxury of imports for the rich would come to an end. Trade agree- China) ments with the workers' states (USSR, E Europe, collec- and other countries in the course of economic develop- based ment would be made. exist-

INVESTMENTS:

German

THE

held immense investment by British overseds banks, insurance houses, big corporations and wealthy individuals would be brought immediately under the supervision and control of the state.

un-

DEBTS:

ALL international short-term debts contracted for the re- Greece, defence of capitalism would be repudiated. All military France expenditure incurred to protect the world position of British imperialism would be stopped and all troops withdrawn from foreign and colonial countries.

col- It is only by making deep inroads into capitalist wealth and property that the source of the crisis can be speak The idea that there is a solution of the crísis removed. in which leaves the capitalists' interests untouched is an illusion. the and

COMPENSATION:

and FOREIGN capitalist investments in Britain would also of come under the control of the state.

Any question compensation payments would be considered only after the domestic programme to meet the crisis was paid for Such measures would necessarily bring to an end the activities of the Stock Exchange and all spaculators and profiteers. The power of the capitalist would be broken.

REPEALS:

THE Prices and Incomes Act must be repealed, as will all laws against the trade unions.

The Immigration Act would be repealed.

All charges in connection with the Health Service would be abolished. All the cuts made in social services, housing and education would be restored.

HEALTH SERVICE:

MEASURES would immediately be put in hand to re- organize and expand the Health Service and all the social services.

ASSISTANCE:

the

AN ATTACK

would be launched against Poration raising benefits, abolishing the system National Assistance with its prying and probing and enabling all elderly people to spend the rest of their lives free from material anxiety.

HOUSING:

revolu- THE WHOLE building trade and the massive techno- logical means now available would be mobilized to deal of with the housing crisis and make possible the organiza- and tion of housing as a social service.

Free landlordism from and the interest racket, plan to end the slums, re-build the cities and provide test a reasonable standard of housing for all would be put time in hand as a matter of priority.

Immediate re-housing of the homeless in the in mansions and luxury homes of the rich.

and

SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS:

before A SPECIAL attack would be made on sub-standard to school buildings. A plan would be drawn up for re- building and expanding hospitals and providing special have facilities now non-existent or deficient.

of the Funds would be made available for medical re- pre- search and to end the present shameful dependence on appeals for charity.

INSURANCE AND PENSIONS:

ALL INCREASES in insurance and pension charges will be cancelled. The funds will be re-couped out of levies on the wealthy and afterwards maintained by direct this charges on production each year.

savings Considerable will thus be possible in to administration costs.

• PAGE FOUR COL. 8 →

PAGE TWO

AFTER your 15 months British troops the ready in Dungiven Co. Derry in prepar- in parliament, what have Orange ation for an parade achieved you actually Paisley initiated by supporters there? last Sunday. of what I would as much as the army is here,

IN TERMS

consider real reforms the civil service is here in the achieved government offices there- haven't anything. and Because I haven't changed the fore the convention begins to Six Counties be broken down and you have system in the and I don't believe that we more latitude inside parliament of using the change anything effective various parlia- can until we destroy the system. I mentary systems. than any other have, more To bring the questions of Member Parliament, dis- of N Ireland to light and to give embarrassed and credited, the whichever may be, in Westminster, generally mucked up the they may be, Unionist This is, government. the opportunity of refusing to you know, to a certain extent, do anything. progressive in itself. can slide out of it at They But it's not actually solved the moment by saying it is not any problems. It's not created responsibility. Pretty houses for the any more soon it is their going to he people, it's not created responsibility. And think the society in which people that that is important stage can live in. It's only a begin- -that there be somebody ning; I don't think parliament there forward the put to do it. The 1S going to socialist case for the people ever function of parliament is as a of Ireland, the only case for platform to educate the people the people of Ireland. into the futility of total parliament. THEN you regard it in fact as the responsibility HOW DO you propose in of the British parliament fact to go about achiev- to solve the question of ing this then? Ulster? AT THE moment the West-

IT IS

not the responsibility minster parliament has in of the British parliament to faot changed its attitude to N solve the entire problem of Ulster, just like that. Ireland to a certain extent in By Cliff Slaughter

PRICE ONE SHILLING

Avallable from New Park Publications, 186A Clapham High St, London, SW4.

I would like information about Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

SECRETARY,

SOCIALIST

LABOUR

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Name Address

ELECTION SPECI

They took on the problem of Ulster. The British parlia ment cannot do it, but it takes on itself the responsibility of government of the whole United Kingdom. It cannot do that either. But since it takes on that responsibility, either it rescinds the responsibility, accepts it cannot do it or is forced to carry it through, and in forcing it to carry it through you break it since it cannot carry it through. DO YOU regard the send- ing of British troops as a progressive step? THE SENDING of British troops here could in no way be called progressive. The 50 years of Unionist rule, with the birth of the Civil Rights movement, the reaction of that 50 years of Toryism to the movement, led to the neces- sity the British troops coming in. In order to main- tain both the Tory system and Britain's reputation and in order to save lives. The saving of lives, the necessity of saving lives in that circumstance, brought was around by the whole system and therefore you cannot THOSE who are followers of African nationalism, pan- Africanism and 'Negritude' would have been startled to see a photograph in the world press, late in May, of the S African apartheid Prime Minister, Vorster to- gether with the. Malawi Premier Hastings Banda. Their meeting took place secretly in Malawai shortly be- fore Vorster went to have a similar meeting with Smith, of UDI Rhodesia. At the same time there were reports of trade deals between 'indepen- S Africa and certain dent' African states, such as Kenya. None of this makes any sense in terms of overt and inverted racial theories. But they do make sense in terms of the way in which British imperialism oper-

SPECIAL

simply say take the troops out of Ulster. Because the people will say you cannot take the troops out because if you do the people will die. This is a quite simple and actual truth. At the same time what we must say is: take the troops out of Ulster and remove the system which necessitated the sending of troops-then you can remove the and troops leave the people in peace.

BUT WHO'S going to remove the system? THE PEOPLE must inevitably remove the system, and in the process of doing so will undoubtedly remove the troops. YOU'VE SPOKEN of the need to set up an organi- zation to fight for a 32- county Ireland, I believe with Gerry Fitt. What would be the basis of such an organization? YOU SEE you don't start an organization by saying I'll ates in its semi-colonies, whether this be S Africa or Malawi.

The S African government of Verwoerd, and later of Vorster, has for some time been a useful intermediary between Britain and Rhodesia and has played an important part in the 'negotia- tions' between the Wilson and Smith regimes. This role has now been extended to Malawi. Previously, it had applied to independent' the now protec- Botswana of Lesotho, torates and Swaziland held in British imperialism's iron grip mainly through the S African govern- ment and the close connection between this and government British mining monopolies.

Botswana 'neutralism' Recently the Botswana govern- ment, under Seretse Khama, has moved towards making diplo- matic and trade contacts with Soviet and China-bloc countries.

The Vorster regime expressed alarm, but, in reality, understood very well that this was merely Seretse's manoeuvre to raise his bargaining power viz the Vorster regime and Britain,

WORKERS PRESS

DATELINE: ULSTER

join an organization with you, would allow with which the you and you because you're all people in Mid-Ulster who Members of Parliament. belong to organizations allow people already, existing You start an organization as in Sinn Fein, people existing, any basic, fundamental human the N Ireland Labour say, in group is formed. You say Party who believe in socialism believe so-and-so also who frustrated and are on two believes it and then those counts because the Labour people who believe it go out social-democrat Party is and and other try to convince believes because it in the of it. And the more people British link. people you gather, you organize, on two bases. But they cannot move out of that organization and move You organize for further oblivion. There's into no of yourself, further education. organization for them to work for and for people that we with. necessary action. start looking it in terms, as In order explain this of an alliance of were, people situation existing, in order who have the same ends, and weaken the existing situation. discuss how we achieve them.

And at the time came strengthen the situation scould like to setter And it ON WHAT sort of prin- is a long process. ciples, on what basis You can't simply do it by would you found such an ringing Westminster your organization? MP fellow and saying Gerry how about forming an organ- ization. IT WOULD have to be on clearly defined socialist prin- WHAT sort of an organi- I don't think that I ciples. zation would it be? should define them and then right, who stands with say me. I think I should say this is IT WOULD be a loose, social- what I want to achieve in the ist organization to start off terms that I do and as for the This is the basic strategic of the persecution by these meaning of "independent' of 'neutralism' of states anti- the African apartheid persons seeking refuge nationalism, thether whether be Egypt or in in these countries. Malawi. ( This persecution drove come anti-apartheid fighters back from The Botswana government into in one "independent' hecatho Atting wants, all and anti-apartheid case now semi-colonial in governments refugees their Africa, to get better terms for own weak, utterly dependent its prohibited immigrants. and servile small capitalist class "inde- within the framework of A Bantustan pendence'. There is the slightest not Malawi has always been political intention of any ArIAn. anti-apartheid avoided by re- towards Soviet-bloc tation i of blatant fugees because the countries and against the real connection between the African of these semi-colonial mastere Nationalist. Banda. and the the governments Afrikaner Nationalists, Verwoerd West. and Vorster. This connection is supervised Lesotho persecution Britain, which has vested cheap labour in Molowi For all Intera r practical purposes for British gold mines inside diplomatic there are relations Africa and for British com- between S Africa and the three Danies in Malawi itself. formor Deotaptopotac and Malawil In all cases these relations are Manager and foreman based on enslavement of tho states to the S African these all but name Malawi is In economy mining owned and another Bantustan, cheap- controlled by British 'self-governing' ranitel reserve One of the side-effects of subserving British capital and these relations is the extension 'white' Africa. Royal Ulster constabulary use batons agai in Londonderry in November 1968.

people who stand with me, then we work out the basic, you know, long-term solution, the long-term demands, the • interim demands. There must be a line of division before there is a line of unity. The line of division be socialists with us, must Conservatives with them. And the people to be con- vinced, the people to join us, as the people will, inevitably will. I don't think you can just say, here is my blueprint, for the socialist republic. It's got to be worked out. YOU SPOKE of the need to set up this organiza- tion. You've spoken on •your platforms on the basis of the anti-commun- ist theory of state capital- ism. What's your attitude towards Marxism as the basis for the formation of such an organization? THERE'S nothing wrong with Marxism. My attitude towards Marxism, in as much as I, to my intellectual shame, under- When Vorster, accompanied by his wife, paid a political and also a personal visit to Banda, it was simply an inspection visit by a Boer manager of the British estate in Southern Africa-his duty being to inspect the affairs of an African foreman. For British imperialism in Southern Africa there has never been any question of equality 'white' and African between its agents. The Vorsters and Smiths be- long to the 'inner circle', the Khamas and Bandas to a remote outer circle. This relationship applies in the economic, political and also the military field (NATO relations with S Africa, Simonstown etc.).

Apartheid bastion The May visits of Vorster to Malawi and Rhodesia are important for British imperialism, which steadfastly regards apar- theid S Africa as its sole reliable bastion 'against communism' in all of Africa. The more this bastion extends its own influence over the neigh- Thursday, June 18, 1970 batons against workers stand a limited amount of Marxism, I find nothing wrong with the Marxist thesis, but there are various interpreta- tions of the Marxist thesis and people like yourself, SLL, and ICO, and myself disagree.

I don't think that Marxism necessarily leads to the Rus- sian situation, which is in fact a situation whereby you change, you shift the basis of emphasis from economic con- trol to political control.

The, as it were, economic masters, are rejected, but you still have the masters, you've BUT IF you don't defend the conquests of the October Revolution, how do you advance the work- ing class in Ireland or anywhere else? I'M NOT complaining about the October Revolution. I'm complaining about the situa- tion in Russia as and from today. bouring 'independent' African states of Malawi, Lesotho, Bots- wana and Swaziland, subordinat- ing them increasingly to the vast interests of British capital in S Africa, the happier London, Whitehall and Westminster are, for all their pious and hypo- critical capartheid: Protestations against Apartheid in S Africa remains pillar of British a major imperialism and 'democracy', the latter being a luxury which imperialism affords only as long as can continue to drag immense super-profits semi-colonies like S Africa.

The Vorster-Banda meeting is an attempt to reinforce this pillar. This is especially important at a time when Portugal's ability to withstand the guerrilla move- ment in Mozambique and Angola is not as unquestioned as previously. And it is significant that simultaneously with the Vorster- Banda meeting, the British- S African Oppenheimer finance- mining group moved deep into the Mozambique economy, in a very big way.

Thursday, June 18, 1970

VOTE:

Y. S.

LABOUR

CADERSHIL

FOR the last two weeks the Young Socialists recruitment team, headed by national secretary John Simmance, has been campaigning in Merseyside and Sheffield. The response, they say, nas been greal. in factories, schools and colleges vouno neople have come forward • join the local YS branches Demonstrations demandinc 'Vote Labour to keep the Tories out!' were held in both Sheffield (see above) and Liverpool.

Our picture below shows some of the Merseyside YS enjoying the sun whilst out recruiting.

TV

BBC 1

8.00-9.00 a.m. Good morning, Mexico. 10.45-11.00 Watch with mother.

2.05-2.25 Schools. 4.20 Plav school.

4.40 Jackanory. 155 Rile Peter 5.20 Hector's 5.25 Abbott and Costello. 5.30 Laurel and Hardy. 5.50 N€

WORLD CUP

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Highlights of last night's semi- 6.00 colour channel 6 530 10ne 7 20

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MOVIN'

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Tolovicion special with Diahann Carroll, Jose Feliciano Liza 1.04.30 Tins a lei. Richteous Brother Bill Medley Minnelli, Lorne Greene, former service a above es black and white and Rov Clark i tex. 5.30 Y dydd. 5.40 BBC ELECTION 70. 10.05 THE CAMPAIGNS OVER! Eric Sykes, 5:45 Aew 10 00 Warren Mitchell and Spike Milligan take an irreverent look at General Election.

ELECTION

70. results nationwide as they are •The declaredi

REGIONAL BBC

All resions as BBC /1 except:

BBC 2

11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL.

MAN IN SOCIETY. 'A Woman's Place'. 7.30 NEWS and 8.00 NOT A WORD. Word game.

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THURSDAY FILM. "The Bramble Bush'. With Richard Burton, 8.00 Barbara Rush and lack Carson. doctor problem of euthanasia when a friend with a terminal with the asks him to end his life 9.45 NEWS. Alastair Burnet. Reports Frost and With David 40 n0

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WORKERS PRESS

ONE OF THE main points at which the theo- logians, the vitalists, attack those who seek to develop a materialist approach to biological science, is on the ques. tion of the origin of life.

Arguing from the distinc- tiveness of the living system and the obvious qualitative differences between living and non-living chemical systems, they proclaim, often in a concealed way, that life could only have arisen through divine intervention.

The mechanical material- ists steer clear of this prob- lem of the origin of life and simply state tritely that life is a chemical system and therefore life must have developed through complex chemical reactions. Ideas on the origin of life have developed as man has increasingly probed the real living relationships between beings and nature and the separate parts of living beings and the whole. In the ancient societies, Babylonia, Egypt and China, direct uncritical observation led to the idea that various forms of life, insects, worms and even fish, birds and mice, arose directly by spontaneous generation from slime, manure, and non-living soil other materials. Early views All these early views of the origin of life were essentially.

mystical, though early Greek philosophers such as Demo- critus, attempted a materialist explanation. However, both Plato and Aristotle were openly idealist in their approach to the problem. It was their views, fostered by the church which held sway throughout the Middle Ages, and even men such as Van Helmont (c. 1600) who sought to explain plant nutri- tion, clung to the theory of spontaneous (religious) genera- tion of living things. Francesco Redo (c. 1650) struck the first blow against the ideas of spontaneous in generation experiments where he showed that maggots on meat came from flies' eggs and were not spontaneously generated from the meat. Both Hegel and Kant in the 18th and early 19th centuries subscribed to the ideas of spontaneous generation. In a brilliant series of experiments, Louis Pasteur in 1862 proved that the forma- tion of micro-organisms from various broths and solutions of organic substances were impos- sible. Both this work and the dis- covery that fungi, baoteria and viruses are themselves quite living organisms complex finally buried the ideas of spontaneous generation in their most open form. As work along these lines developed, however, a serious crisIs in natural science con- cerning this problem devel- oped. No answers The mechanists had no answers. This state of affairs continued until the 1950s.

Mechanism as a philosophy has recognized any never important qualitative differ- ence between the inorganic world and the world of living things. Therefore, primary spon- taneous generation of organ- isms is logically required as a consequence of their view of life. they In desperation have even suggested that life has come from some place external to the earth, but this only postpones the problem. Simply to criticize the mechanical materialists is not, however, enough; one has to oppose to this a real scientific theory of the origins of life.

Only by combining a dia- lectical understanding with a materialist approach can this be done. One can only consider the arigin of life historically as part of the development of the universe, this solar system and the earth. The development of life is both, a continuation of these processes and a change in these processes. In other words, the origin of life can only be seen as a stage in a long drawn-out pro- cess of continual change and development. At the beginning of this century, Wöhluer and Berthe- lot synthesized organic chemi- cal compounds from inorganic chemicals. Organic chemicals, that is chemicals, which are involved in living organisms, contain (C), the elements carbon hydrogen (H), oxygen hydrogen (N) and sulphur (S) as the main components. Since it was possible to make the chemical compounds involved in living beings from non - living materials and materials which need never have been associated with life, the question before those seek- ing a scientific explanation of the origin of life was: Was it possible on earth at the time of the first develop- ment of living organisms?

Oparin (1924) and Haldane (1929) had already put for- ward theories of the origin of life which embodied the idea of an evolution from non- living chemical systems, through complex organic sys- tems of life to living systems.

This sweeping statement, the however, covers over problems. One must start with the developments that led to the earth having a certain size and chemical composition.

It is estimated that the earth began to form a separate identity from the dust and gas of the break-up of a supernova about five billion years ago. Since our sun was formed later than older stars from this supernova, the earth has a high proportion of heavy ele- terrestial ments is a planet. According to the hypothesis now accepted, our planet was formed by the accumulation of solid bodies, mixed in compo- sition with different iron and silicate content, but in general lacking such. force such as free gases and volatile com- pounds hydrogen, inert as gases or methane (containing carbon and hydrogen). Any atmosphere there was, was lost in space since there little gravitational was very attraction. The compact mass of the earth continued to Louis Pasteur evolve due to its internal energy and was divided into a nucleus (centre), mantle (fur- ther out) and crust (surface).

Linked to the formation of the crust was the formation of a secondary atmosphere and the oceans and lakes. The melting out of light basic rocks from the strata of the mantle under the influence of heat released by radioactive decay must have been accom- panied by the evolution of various vapours and gases.

At that stage, just less than four billion years ago, only 10 per cent as much water existed on the earth's surface as exists today, the rest being' released from silaceous hydrates (silicon containing rocks). During the formation of ithe earth's a reducing crust, atmosphere developed through the release of hydrogen com- pounds, including water (H2O), vapour ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and gaseous hydro- carbons (compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon).

Oxygen which we breath today •was almost completely absent from the atmosphere. It is claimed that oxygen in the atmosphere increased between one and two billion years ago and this is taken as an indi- cation that life developed in this period. (Plants take in carbon monoxide and give out oxygen during daylight.) The question that has to be answered is, how did the evolution of carbon com- pounds occur since long chains carbon atoms exist in all living organisms? Compounds Carbon is found in spectra of all classes of stars, parti- cularly the oldest populations and, at lower temperatures, carbon hydrogen compounds are common. For example, the atmos- phere of the sun of this solar system is only 6,000 degrees C and contains methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons plus cyenogen (CN). Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune contain methane (CH4) in large quantities. Carbonaceous meteorites have a high car- bon and water content and also contain methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) hydro- gen (H) and traces of pyrimi- dine bases (the building blocks of DNA) amino tein). The methane contained in the secondary atmosphere was probably formed from metal carbides, graphite, amorphous carbon and any organic com- pounds trapped beneath the earth's crust at an earlier period. The contained methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (N2), ammonia (NH3), water (H2O) and hydrogen (H2), the latter escaping into space because it was so light. The action of water on metal carbides, graphite and amorphous carbon would give rise to gaseous hydrocarbons hydrogen (containing and carbon). Geological evidence sup- these conclusions, ports methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) propane (C3H8) and higher hydrocarbons have been found widely in ignacious rocks. Since the atmosphere was so different at the time of the development of life, high energy ultra-violet radiation and other forms of radiation from the sun was able to penetrate the atmosphere to the earth's surface. There was no radiation belt or zone belt to block these high-energy radiations. The elements of the earth's surface were much more radio- active and released much more energy. Electrical discharges and high-temperature volcanic eruptions could have provided energy also. This energy could play the

PAGE THREE

The nebula in Andromeda, a stellar cluster similar to our own galaxy.

role of fusing the lower hydro- carbons such as methane into long chains of carbon atoms.

Miller in 1953 sparked (CH4), ammonia methane (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) and was able to form eight differ- amino acids (protein- ent building units) and a short length of protein. Similar effects have been observed with. ultra-violet, X- ray and X-ray radiation. A mixture of cyanogen (C2N2) ammonia (NH3) water (H2O) warmed between 30 degrees C and 100 degrees C gave rise to adenine and com- ponents of guanine (the build- ing blocks of genetic materials desoxyribosenucleic a cid

(DNA).

Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) have been produced from simple carbon compounds formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (which can be formed by elec- trical sparking of methane [CH4] and water [H20] in the presence of a kind of clay).

Polymers (chains) of amino and nucleotides (the compon- ents of DNA) have been made from formaldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

Protein In fact Fox produced quite large protein units from amino acids at 150-180 degrees High-energy phosphate compounds which are also found in living systems have also been made in the labora- tory at 55-60 degrees C by Schramm. These phosphate compounds are important in living systems in making polymers. In the conditions which existed two billion years ago, there were no forms of life to take up any organic com- pounds formed in the ways described above and they would not be easily broken down by the reaction condi- tions that actually created them, they would be removed from the reaction zone. It has been estimated that the oceans contained • 1 per cent of organic compounds at this time. Some oceans then could be considered as a soup of organic compounds and inor- ganic compounds. Organic The order of organic chemi- al reactions taking place it it, the formation and break.

down of its organic chemicals differed, funda- however, mentally from the order which is characteristic for all living system. In living organisms, due to a certain pre-existing organiza- tion the succession of individ- ual directed reactions are towards particular 'end', a whereas the transformations within the 'soup' took place in accordance only with the laws of chemistry and physics.

The problem remaining is how a definite sequence of could have been formed from the random and opposing reac- tions. through the good offices of chance the necessary transition from non-living to living systems occurred.

PAGE POUR

Shareholders' meeting a battle?

Derisory pay offer Markets halt -say Sovex strikers IOS dealings

BY A WORKERS PRESS

ENGINEERS

from the Sovex elevator and con- veyor plant at Erith, Kent, yesterday angrily rejected the firm's offer to increase WITH LESS than two weeks to go to its share- its interim cash offer from holders' meeting in Toronto, the crisis-ridden ISs to tl in return for sweeping productivity con- Investors Overseas Services suffered yet another cessions. blow yesterday when the Montreal and Toronto 1 ne Stock Exchanges halted dealings in OS shares.

$2.000 million international mutual tunds complex is registered in Canada, and the Toronto Aberdeen in- declared that inadequate Exchange authorities boller. tormation was avalabe to investors.

trawlermen I he ended Sy hares stere strike over o far declined to hav meet so the suspensions. contracts At yesterday meeting However, figures released ir there need tor taken Deceptive to continue pickéted and covides por rome wider to The Funch misst Anancis listed ass weekend, tailub

WEATHER

of nd associates to no are Englands: amount to Max. 20c (8), Committee Robert M. Morgentha gland, Channel lanes referred in his samar lasted. Senate LiE warm. Currency last week. in Morgenth made Mad. 200(685). winds. ans weren mal. Max

ALL TRADES

UNIONS ALLIANCE

Ireland: ar

MEETINGS

'Fight the Tories' Saturday, June 20, Hange. and Saturday: Little

OLLERTON

Plough inn.

SUBSCRIBE NOW

nikers nress. loz lace nrace munz hard nrace Will the real workers press Mr. Feather please stand up? On eve of LP. conference

BY MARTIN ZARROP

congress made its solemn an This fact was somehow lost scription two days •Peter Turn (Posted dally) OR Sach canapart of Mitcham's very peaceful people, he said generally would like to subscribe to workers Press 1o1 Name Irdands tour-and hali times: Adaress Unionist-Paisley deal Her saten, Cognize s We kera Pr-720-206) ment was many wage setaine apha

• FROM PAGE ONE

Minefield stand the sens doe hot an not under-

LATE NEWS

economic that "of industrial admit his cooption walking through

SIDELMEN LAID OFF

AS with agency reportedAntara stake at Crish seat news Ine unions are doing more • in thing on laid the keporation Mased ama Tom the 1200. Feather same Vic to a fat rate last Or bet Institute of Directors work develop in the Noo are and riston neated the end oron London. Feather please stand up ?

Will the Vic Thursday, June 18, 1970

WORKERS PRESS

Vote Labour

• FROM PAGE ONE

ary alcratorship and Doll It is th anditice of private propert therefore, national frontiers Chauvinist Collans "I progres and Engels supported. By udial Ge existencpolicy of peaceful co.

John Crawford overt Istanbul police attack workers aud students during a union demonstration on Tuesday.

actionary junta Martial law Heath rattled' nothing in Communist Manifest in Istanbul categorically Wilson claims have POLICE WERE alerted throughout Turkey aiversion ana MOUTHS were again being worn firmly buttoned at I Conservative headquarters yesterday about the party's yesterday following the imposition of martial Beginner to Be fortie cr official candidate for Wolverhampton South-West.

law in Istanbul and the surrounding province.

Asked at his morning news The right-wing Demirel

BY A WORKERS PRESS

'and

BYCAHWORKERS PRESS

stepped in with regime

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

CORKEOPONDENI

troops and tanks on Tues- Votes fallen day wen tens or thousands workers supported a has fallen 3o catastrophicall by demonstration called uniting further. the left-wing Confedera- intervention Unions worl rade ng class agains against proposed new the labour laws. Leaves Wit altog with national agreements control of the Labour Party 'Star' editor Perfunctory advan Answers journalists' were per- the apes left same , Callaghan's the earlier feren warn- reformism can Forth said, most exil 'AND THEN that brings me to the problem of the rin the samous government, economic crisis.'

BY A WORKERS PRESS

and build on them to take the

CORKESPONDENT

powel. hould tackle the culty a Rice onedeal balance of payments capture said yesterday railway of al rail connection Stop-go Britis! figure of about been

OUR PROGRAMME TO

money

MEET THE CRISIS

cuts education, he added.

• FROM PAGE ONE

Evasion

RENTS RATES AND TAYES:

RENTS, rates, taxes and interest rates will come unde Interest rates, state control severed ron inter ips sed of and contem of exchange transactiols, national finance , would be market monopoly fact that wisest made under and revenue raised from the wealth expropriated from big business Greater London ouncil Toted SUPPORT for the US imperialists w Greater r, and me- yesterday continue ations must be established Ther wi rejected

TROOPS:

cerned the capitalist systems. s i nave in tni ALL BRITISH troops must be removed from N Irelanc not taken and all overseas territories.

"skilled and with y

NATO AND UNO:

sever SaNe. connections posters.! liance- Hon in sumi means of the big Pa This farcical correspoe ence forcending invest- e debate attack stay nents of the monopol is the tast modelates and lit - we get Mr Ramelson's unbalanced scales

BY PETER READ

mediate ned is transle on given tell followed up th the international bankers are ion that every vote Viet- Iy weighed by wilso care- i rest Chisey nifesto is- The less more shan labonuine orens ass against Stalinists seek to retard.

policy, he said. Workers are the Tories.