Workers Press no. 285

workers press The daily paper that leads the fight against the Tory government

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

PRICE 6d.

MONDAY OCTOBER 26, 1970 • NUMBER 285

THE DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

NCB

CIVIL

Housewives offer back Bristol decides

WAR

next councilmen action Strike to escalate after Daly predicts Heath successful march in city

HEATH'S AN SPEECH

BY PETER READ

BY STEPHEN JOHNS

THE COUNCIL workers' strike is likely to

MINERS'

LEADERS

escalate further in the next few days in Bristol- may call a special con- one of the few places where all sections of coun ference of the union or cilmen came out on their own initiative when give areas the go ahead national action began. for official strike action Backing the strikers' if the Coal Board does claim, busmen may be What By a political correspondent not improve its offer at out soon-the closing 'IT MAY be that in the 1970s, civil war, not war between nations, will be the Tuesday's meeting. of toilet facilities has main danger we face.-Conservatwve Prime Minster Lawara hean, adaressing created obvious diffi- the United Nations General Assembly last Friday.

we culties for the crews. PRIME MINISTER Heath is spelling think he meant at the Tory Party conference on October 10, when he spoke of "total revolution' oach other unions to follon Hypocrisy pushop stewards representing by the Tories. staine there Heath and the ruling class she the h970s in rand of ml

RADE

industrial unmasked actiop, said Mr Daly. Nixon steps all-out

COUNCIL

ot terns all working clas Heath said: crush the aLLacK LU Permission up war on MR WILSON'S speech Camden town mall militants 'We stoppage with national execu Saturday, for all its vitriolic chat this language, only shows up the if a dispute AT THE direct instigation of weekend hit spa Labour leaders as an only the lowspaid they rein Nixon, the United President Probiem or ease ca localized principled bunch of rerori ist hypocrites. made states rederal bureau ol ln- vestigation-headed by rabid correctly sen But. Mr said that in chock back; of teading" Edgar students by the director claim Hoover-is now conducting a counter-revolution

STUDENT VOTE

working virtua civil war against let- wing militants. regime of de and ired •We would say thạt each MEMBERSHIP into the tudents have overwhelr inde- Since the arrest of Com- the ails nethe strikers with the NUB cil worker cain ten most therefore their ther people on: of hem student othea strike he said been stretched van all include outasies the danger of e bservatio histor- has was even over an Ashierous. a the tilows theis one same. in the fist days taking the can be no mis- o panine Hon The mask is now Leader Cervas Walker over it walk-out to start this morn plan

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4 →

primary No IWC policy The mask is indeed off. Dockers halt Kent the election sidered inevitable no less curetamorpnosis on union laws Mersey today •T think that

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

From our industrial correspondent ence, pose i and to loyal Bernadette MERSEYSIDE'S nine miles of docks will be at Differ in ands of wittonic simpl a standstill today after a weekend call by the # Hath intents to cary ond learns retion to obstract its pees port's Transport and General Workers' stewards ditocal rules on strike action ho the strikers for a 24-hour token strike over the effects of 'patience' AEF assistant general secre containerization. tary Ernie Roberts opener vitant cal some action i st carda demandıns ports 10500 resistered dockers Govt cuts Slee abou • It in the cruci must be defended ot industral set would become WHEN parliament reassemble exey ye permasion after a three-mont industrial given it sae Mcdo not im struggle New £1,250 Fund to stor redundancie revolution' the eare bard Ternment. Driven by Tor Whethe t th san evay inch Five days MD&HB stewards point out he basic wage 1 the men Wi Extolled NJNC case the blame or the must waiterand and 530 for lac ordere to raise on ter, barely we estrae interests one mer class on the del lamentary debate Attacked caused detae sand £564 9s 4d Allende ushered in— e Ford Nationa Coint Negotiating C Weet in fict for govern haip Employers. HERE MUST be a maxi use councilman with Church blessing fort to col community. clear the Turied govern. We say the thigh des point must be es are stepping up the

CORRESPONDENT

went on onvince w with Schneide of the TUC is present The fact that the T nothin the Bensely again and force it to seein scaped wright poid dom a throne Motion opposed have 8564 954 tive. 101 cened diately all donatior о не агене tioned) class from a ne Workers Press Appeal Fund, barbarism 186a Clapham High Street, waterways TWe vers London, SW4

• PAGE FOUR COL. 7

workers press predicts Heath n

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER

THE DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

CIVIL

WAR

By a political correspondent What IT MAY be that in the 1970s, civil war, not war between nations, will be th main danger we face'—Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath, addressing the United Nations General Assembly last Friday.

we PRIME MINISTER Heath is spelling out what think he meant at the Tory Party conference on October 10, when he spoke of "total revolution' Hypocrisy by the Tories. relief Heath and the ruling measures must IrON class see the 1970s in unmasked Nixon steps all-out of Lens attack crush the measures to single cret the up war on working class. MR

WILSON'S

speech against Hall That why Camden militants toe anger Saturday, for all its vitriolic of this nation, nothing or this means he worted language, only shows up tne leaders as an AT THE direct instigation of of reform- President Nixon, the United principled bunch offensive council Workers for a 395 in Heath Knows win ie ist nypocrites rabid concil wari way vestigation-headed by bitter " the bock back of lead a ainpredicts anti-communisi picture Hoover-is now conducting a "anarchy" and violence. of the independent inte virtual civil war against left- Hans to or Tries die Ta wing militants. Kon fon for human Ban i New Yan capel negotiator most wanted emphasizes testerday Heath that electora which follows seans the Black Pan And there can be no mis- takine the 1 Health precription chopracy al, i thing National Lion. The mask. is now o

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4

The mask is indeed off. No IWC policy Philial y Hospital * пенатотр 12 ets their no less curious.

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

Bernadette opose sri and to loyally от th інс до learns If Heath interes ution an Meanwhile listening even i 'patience' says cIvIl chen what and popose srame for desting the fory • Me Be thine Mid: offensive. reson fact to de to the Workers must beware of Wil- no tered her top esse who want to put in Omagh, an uncompromising, New £1,250 Fund revolution •Carris more Cos Tone Whetht it says that he Hive days nationid-ster ash to raise of a £564 9s 4d liamentary debate. Aw hie they offer cor fict woe cept a united divisior be a max tor menday ater ser community:' We sarmint tubbish thous the with those i be and totally er soavenizations the €564 immediately all donations to: mene Workers Press Appeal Fund Mould do • if it would 186a Clapham High Street, anti-union laws on December effective

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4

IEWSLETTER • MONDAY OCTOBER 26, 197

AKERS PRESS REPORTER

obstruct its opera- The right to strike, he said, must most be defended striver defended or oficially by the they are for. Extolled NJNC Moss Third executiv Wright, ent must be buried overr that the TO pro the Bill until son time escaped wriges notice. Motion opposed capi. talist International Soci Conta res were

WHOMOSE

not mai industrial

PAGE FOUR COL.

The daily paper that leads the fight against the PRICE 6d.

TOBER 26, 1970 • NUMBER 285

offer next action Strike to escalate after successful march in city Daly

MEAN SPEECH:

• HE

BY PETER READ

BY STEPHEN JOHNS

roops Hame brought aturday whích THE COUNCIL workers' strike is likely to

MINERS' LEADERS

escalate further in the next few days in Bristol- WHILE, the strike in may call a special con- one of the few places where all sections of coun ference of the union or cilmen came out on their own initiative when give areas the go ahead national action began. for official strike action Backing the strikers' if the Coal Board does claim, busmen may be not improve its offer at out soon-the closing Tuesday's meeting. of toilet facilities has 'Our obvious dith. Createu lepend entirely culties for the crews. election an fittich Wuther there will be a special acon, said Mr Bag. Permission Under the Union's constitu- national execu three over students by the director.

would be

STUDENT VOTE

pared a wide interp- tation on this rul But at the Verwhelminite Le areas is in see it agreement from the strikers unMuch depend whether stat are prepared nheated wing, were teaching the manust dare He score a de hear li and he our manmente on, ask have said Before- i be sanction these; said Mr Dals.

organized by From our industr a corresoondent MERSEYSIDE'S nine miles of docks will be at Differ continent or Austes wa a standstill today after a weekend call by the port's Transport and General Workers' stewards difocal rules on strike action for a 24-hour token strike over the effects of stalwart support containerization. ecutive en. es commend

'PAY UP'

cases a ballo is needed. what Container Govt cuts planed by sto stee hey cae go ermission Mersey, sand Harbour ven it says housin where given 1 E3 debate was operations this year. ts-a-week increase to bring that stewards pointe demonstrators forced take the blame for the ports nderground and €30 for face crisis. subsidies expected soon.

PAGE FOUR COL. 4

Annered Allende ushered in— Transport na to hop pool's ceo face

CORRESPONDENT

Canador Allergi e reelect ot to sackens and

MD&HB

der, one on era on unemployment 'the rakehilean s personal friends resi. Clas: expresses s After back in the employers Sergey Police and spies teeth. luty new was and need the presidency, with his national. a scale of kes giac political to country waltiways unneces ization programme. • on me looks. declared sta But 1 to hides From i gunmen shot cordial aadea.

PAGE TWO

IN WALES, there The number of inquiries from are industrialists considering setting workers who have been UD In Wales has fallen and last year the amount of factory space out of a job for seven approved by the Ministry of 531,000 Technology fell by years. Their suits are square feet. threadbare, their homes The crisis of capitalism is biting hard the in principality are decaying for want of and last week pleas from the Welsh Council to Secretary repair. They have been of State for Wales, Mr Peter Thomas, not to slash aid to the ground down by almost a regions fell on deaf ears.

decade of grim hopeless. State bribes ness. In the teeth of the deepening Old men with hollows in world recession and the hotting their cheeks, stubble on their up of the trade war, which con- tinues to undermine British capi- chins and nowhere particular talist's profits, lavish state bribes to go tell you with a des- firms have enticed a few Wales. perate calm that they will never work again. It is not to be expected that continued these bribes will be will be continued Young in cheap jeans thing like the same scale with and shapeless sweaters spin Mr the days of boredom in the only Tory in power. government made it clear that in -drinking in a bar, Heath has way they can- only profit will decide playing darts, hanging around the future the pattern and growth of indus- street. A steel mill try with weak firms (and regions) They bewildered, waiting are going to the wall. for something to happen, young believe that things enough to The firms which have set up can't go on like this for ever.

Wales have used government in cheap labour and something has hap- subsidies, In fact, capital-intensive production tech- There has been a record pened. to maintain their profits drop in one year of 14,000 fewer niques face of the rapidly esca- work according in the people at economic crisis. figures published last week in the lating Digest of Welsh Statistics. Paradoxically as the number work has dropped, of people in This precipitous overall fall of particularly the 1969 with production, 14,000 compares 2,000 the year before when 8,000 new firms, has gone up. women brought into extra statistics show that The latest employment were a compensat- and mechanical production in the Last even ing factor. engineering more instrumen of women workers fell number than doubled between 1968-1969, by 1,000. chemical and allied industries in 60 percent, by in went up electrical engineering by 42 per Leapt cent, in vehicles and aircraft by and coal and 41 per cent by Total unemployment rose by 48 products per this petroleum 2,000 in one month year. cent. August it was 37,892 or 3.9 In so-called tech- but by September it Because new, per cent, nology-based firms, 40,118 4.1 have been had leapt to or per the Principality to enter cent. SeCR decade during the last there According to the figures the who thought it was were some index of industrial production only a question of time-before continues to dive. This year it is Wales' dependence coal and on the expected to exceed two steel was ended and a brave new point drop in 1969. Employment future opened up to everyone.

fell in 13 of the 24 main manu- But the latest statistics damn facturing categories.

SORTE INA FRE TONE

I would like information about

I THE SOCIALIST

I LABOUR LEAGUE

Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

SECRETARY,

SOCIALIST LABOUR

LEAGUE,

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LONDON, SW4.

Name Address

WORKERS PRESS

DATELINE:

people fighting for a job, so they can give them the lowest pay y Part three of a regular Monday series on unemployment in Britain.

MERTHYR

TYDFIL miners all such fantasies. Without Among workers unfortunate any argument they show that the enough not to have a job the their 60's overall stagnation of the Welsh older ones in have surrendered to economy is deepening. the apparent - inevitability of their lot.

This is a direct result of the of and But among the younger work- the accompanying inflation.

ers a desperate flame is burning needing only a guiding. hand to They show that at the the fires which most tan it into can outcome of firms moving to will destroy the capitalist the and of Wales has been only to obtain system misery and exploita- from tion. short breathing space the hurricane of economic dis- Disillusioned with Labour, bearing down on them as aster Welsh workers know they can world capitalism is torn by the expect little or nothing from the crisis of overproduction.

Tories. Some hide card are and are, flirting Plaid Nursing desperate hopes of with Welsh nationalist party-but the riding out the storm the vast majority shrug and say they keep employers are trying don't know what the answer is. costs, and therefore, wages down.

Malcolm Niblett is 21. He was Workers have been sacked for born and lives at Bargoed in the trying to form union branches Rumney Valley in the south east conditions. pay and improve Wales coalfield. In the factories which have replaced the pits either the hours At Bargoed unemployment has are long or a three-shift system leapt in from 6.9 two operates. percent of the 25,000 working population in August to per Anyone who argues with the Cent bosses can be sure of unemployed at his back army Like Welsh many workers take In waiting to over. Olic nourished on the lie that, the has suffered because of country wilful by the neglect colonial Westminster, government he at not relate the does problems in Bargoed to the collapse of world capitalism and he has hopes that are better elsewhere. things Mr Niblett told "There me will have to be something done about the unemployment. There should be a Welsh government. If things don't change they (the people around) will all go England. I'll have to think seri- ously about emigrating.' We talked a pub in the main street. The long, drab bar- rows of 19th rack, century ter- raced houses stretched away either side. Decay was in the Mr Niblett drank air. cider because he could not afford beer.

Rundown In the six years, since he left he has beem ode of sork on and secondary modern school at nearly two years. off, for Like almost every other town clinging to the damp hillsides of the south Wales valleys, Bargoed was Hit by the rundown of coal which overall has about put 50,000 men out of work since the war and closed over 120 pits.

exchange In economist's jargon Wales is valley town the labour building) characterized by a (Social Security has predominance had to open twice a week instead of industries (coal, usual once to cope with steel) employing largely unskilled of the The secondary industries the unemployed. labour. (manufacturing) hardly got going Ironically the employers' last- and the tertiary sector (distribu- keep their ditch attempts to tive and administrative) was vir- heads above water only serves tually a non starter. tide of to heighten the disaster poised to sweep over them.

So the switch from coal to electricity, oil and gas found the To they must cut Welsh survive hopelessly economy costs or raise sales. unequipped diversify to into other fields-even if the crisis of is But the more output world capitalism had permitted increased the worse the crisis of it. overproduction becomes. The blame for the and more concentra- has be More to on one or two industries is of tion charged per unit output to be laid squarely at the door to profits and this trig- maintain capitalism, of is the blame gers wage demands from workers for what when these happens with the escalatingo cost of living.

unable keep same industries are no longer profitable and have to be thrown on the scrap heap. Inflation The interests of profit are not Eventually galloping inflation necessarily, nor often, the would cause prices to crash. The interests of working people.

drive down to a Ternate Although his father costs. was 28 years miner for Mr Niblett Under normal circumstances stuck work in the pit for only are limits which there to months. Tories can be cut. The know They also know that these He the this. went into merchant abnormal circumstances and navy for eight months then came they are preparing for them with home and got a job wiring up Industrial Bill Relations the which will be used to make sure Leon Trotsky if workers protest about that and ditions teriorating pe ditions they compelled, can by force, to accept them. workers Welsh fortunate enough to have a job are being but they still driven to militancy as a fight to see struggle their build the and to unions get determined leadership to up wage rates and improve push conditions. They don't realize the grow- Where impossibility ing of improving pay and conditions or that the will union bureaucrats colla- Is Britain Going? borate to the last with the bosses vain bid make the in capitalist's economy work, even has become clear that it Price 10s.4d post incl. the body they are struggling to New Park Publications revive has long since become a 186A Clapham High St., SW4 corpse.

WALES

IAN YEA

for a TV company for houses £7 10s a week, after tax.

To earn more money he went labouring for different construc- tion firms, working on average 70 hours a week including over- time and getting E12 10s after tax and f10 after deducting bus fares. He said: "Three of us got the sack from the last labouring job, 13 weeks ago, for arguing with the bosses over money.' Now he and his wife and their little boy, aged two, live on £13 a week social security. They pay f4 ls a week for what amounts to a two up, two down, council which, house he said, is cold, poorly designed and not worth £3. He has a drink and a game of darts, when he can afford it, with other lads in the same boat. He has travelled over 1,000 miles and applied for 70-80 jobs.

When he goes home he has to face his wife and tell her he's failed. Mr Niblett said: 'My wife would like to work now. She's trained as hairdresser but there's not much (work) around here. juggle things 'We have to around to make ends meet. The things which are really difficult are the bills for electricity and the television. We pay so much a week. You can't keep the home up to scratch. You can't go out.

Being out of work is a bad thing. 'We need more jobs and more pay here. But there's not much I can do really. Just hope for the best. But I hope my son will 'get Merthyr Vincent Coffey is 37. He has been out of work for four years.

He talked to me on a Sunday before going off morning to organize a boxing bout upstairs in the Merthyr Tydfil Labour Club. Merthyr gets a mention in all the economic history books.

It is one of the oldest industrial Wales, towns in South marked out by Crawshay's Cyfartha iron- works and the Dowlais pits.

But nine out of the 10 pits and levels in the area have closed since and the war despite an injection of new fac- tories like Hoover unemployment is running at 4.6 per cent.

Other men in the club had been unemployed for seven years and longer. Mr Coffey began his working life at the Merthyr Vale pit, Treharris, but his last job was as a driver-salesman for a local firm. Mr Coffey said: 'We were sacked for trying to form union. They worked us till nine at night on the flat rate with no overtime. We wanted to start a branch of NUPE. We had a strike and they sacked the ring- leaders. He told me there had been more unemployed in Merthyr in the last two or three months than ever before and that the labour exchange had been forced to open twice a week to pay the dole money. Commenting on what could be done he said:

I YEATS REPORTING

"They [the employers] don't union branch. want to solve it [the problem of He told it 'hard me was They unemployment]. want and his going' for him wife unemployment. They want people £15 week social live on a fighting they for a job so can security. When give them the lowest pay. firms here they come lower And said: "There's he very wages straight away' little chance of getting job. Once a man's gone 40 he hasn't much chance. Most of us haven't trade. We work with Sands and they don't want us?

Sacked Perhaps perceptively he added: Mr Coffey been out of nas think there would still be work about 12 times partly unemployment even if there was because he tried to better him- a Welsh government'. self, partly because he was made redundant and partly (twice) he He There will is right. be was sacked for trying to form a unemployment for long SO

BBC 1

9.38 a.m.-12.25 p.m. Schools. 1.30 Watch with mother. 1.46-1.53 News weather. 2.05-3.40 4.104.35 Schools. Using broadcasts In schools. 4.40 Jackanory. 4.55 Blue Peter. 5.20 Barrier reef. 5.44 Magic roundabout. 5.50 News and weather.

6.00 LONDON THIS WEEK. Weather.

6.20

ENTERTAINING WITH KERR.

6.45

ASK THE FAMILY.

7.05 Z CARS. 'Off With The Motley', part one.

7.30 NOT IN FRONT OF THE CHILDREN. 'Unemployment Problem'.

8.00

PANORAMA.

9.00 THE NINE O'CLOCK NEWS and weather.

9.20 UP POMPEll! With Frankie Howerd.

9.50 RYAN INTERNATIONAL. 'Dragons' Teeth'.

10.40

24 HOURS.

11.15 THE PARKERS AT SALTRAM. 'The New Master'.

11.45 Weather.

REGIONAL BBC

All regions as above except: 11.40-12.10 tainin| . 1z.1o Weather. parkers at dalran Midlands, Anglia: 6.00-6.20 Mid- 12.55-1-33cotlam 11.47 11.15-11.45 lands

LOOK

Last, 11.47 News, weather Caring News. North, Cumberland 6.00-6.20 Look North, weather Westmorland: N Ireland: 6i.47 News, Weathe. 11.47 News, around sis weatner. weaner. Wales: 6.00 weather. I1. AT 1 Weats 6.00-6.20 Points SWiest. South, wales today weather 0. 41-0.4 Plaid Cymru conference South today. weather. 11.47 News, weather.

Cerddi bryn. Enter-

BBC

11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL.

7.05 p.m. THE STATE OF EUROPE. The European Economic Com- munity today. 'IBM and the Seven Dwarfs'.

7.30 NEWS and weather. LANCER. 'Cut the Wolf Loose'.

8.00

8.50 CALL MY BLUFF.

'THE COUNTRY WE ARE MAKING'.

Introduced by HRH The 9.20 Duke of Edinburgh to mark European Conservation Year.

10.20 ONE MORE TIME!

10.40 THE HUNGRY LIFE OF LESTER PIGGOTT. The unnerving 11.10 NESS OY 2f tha weat's most famous Jockey

11.15 LATE NIGHT LINE-UP.

ITV

1.00 a.m.-2.58 p.m. London. 3.50 Robin Hood. 4.15 Anita in jumbl and. 4.25 Crossroads. 4.50 Lost in space. 5.50 London

TODAY.

6.02

OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS.

6.45

7.30 CORONATION STREET.

8.00 WORLD IN ACTION.

8.30 THE MAIN CHANCE. 'The Best Legal System In the World'.

9.30 FOR THE LOVE OF ADA.

10.00 NEWS AT TEN.

10.30 LATE NIGHT THRILLER. 'The Rise and Fall of Lage Damond".

With Ray Danton and Karen Steele. Crime in the roaring 12.20 a.m. THE CORRIDORS OF POWER. Ivor Mills talks to Timothy Raison, Conservative MP for Aylesbury.

REGIONAL ITV

11.00-2.58 London. 4.00

WESTWARD. A

Dore deal % Pat Sor life birthda a greeting 4.10 Anita News. 6.20 ports desk. 6.20 5-50 1.35 Weather rangers. London. 4.05 Sonary 4200 11.00-6.00 Felix Burs 4.55 Lan of Surder. 1l.25 News, weathere London. 6.00 by Monday, October 26, 1970 there is capitalism which is a of boom and slump- system of crisis. To try to combat inflation and improve Britain's competitiveness in world markets unemployment could double or treble in the next five years. Degredation The only way forward, the only way to avoid for all time the degredation, the demoraliza- •tion and the poverty of unem- ployment, the only to way defeat the employers, backed by the Tory government, in their drive to keep down costs by attacking wages and the living standards of the working class, is to build the revolutionary party which will fight to end capitalism and bring about workers' control of industry within a planned socialist eco- nomy. 6.45 London. 10.30 box. Universits 11.00 sts in 11.10 This is • 5.44 Weather. Action 70:

HARLECH: 11.00-2.58

hanted house 4.18 Women only. 4.40 Enchanted Scarlet. 4.55 Captain 5.20 Timeslip. 5.50 London. 6.01 Report West. 10.30 6.23 Report Wales. 6.45 London, Cinema: Lady in the With Robert Montgomery, Audrey and Lloyd Nolan. A private detective is hired to solve a missing persons case. 12.20 Weather. HTV (West) colour channel 61 above 4.16-4.18 Report West. excepti 6.25-6.45 This is the West this week.

Ave except: .00-.25 Yarad! 41 25 (Wales) colour HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and service 6.01-6.23 above except: dydd. 8.00-8.30 Yr wythnos.

News. 4.35 Romper room. 5.15 Timeslip. 6.00 About Anglia, 6.40 London. 10.30 11.05 Farming diary. 12.20 Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS:

11.00-2.58 London. 3.49 Horoscope sun Lond 0o niversly Bill London. lenge. 11.02 Object on view, weather.

ULSTER: 11.00-2.58

London. Phoenix five. 5.20 Timeslip. UTV reports. 6.15 Nanny and the professor. 6.45 London. 10.30 noiac'. With Janette Scott and Oliver Reed. Thriller. YORKSHIRE: 11.00-3.00 London. 4.15 London. 4.30 Matinee. London. 4.55 Rovers. 5.20 Timeslip. 6.00 5.50 Calendar, Challenge. 6.45 bondon 15.30 Name of weather. the game. 11.55 Weather. GRANADA: 11.00-2.58 London. 4.10 News. Place. 4.40 in Peytor jumbleland slip. 5.50 London. 6.05 Six-o-one. 6.15 All our yesterdays. 6.40 London.

10.30 University challenge. 11.00 Homicide.

BORDER:

1.38-2.48 London. News. Anita in News. 6.15 Univer- London. sity challenge. Tales of *Ride Ride'. 11.00 unease Avengers. 11.55 News, weather.

10.30 Debate. 11.15 Late ca15.

Monday, October 26, 1970 Some pages from miners' history

NEW PARK

PUBLICATIONS

A LARGE SELECTION OF MARXIST LITERATURE

nd a self-addressed envelope for a free booklist 1 6a Clapham High St, London, SW Help the Young Socialists make their

GRAND XMAS

BAZAARS

a great success If you are able to sew, knit, paint and can make goods for our bazaars. If you can give us jumble, glits, tins or grocery. Please contact roung socialists Bazaars, 186a Clapham High Street, London, SW4.

THE BAZAARS ARE AT:

LONDON

ALLANS

Saturday, November 28 Saturday, December 12 Plashet School corn exchangi Doors open Doors open 12 пооп

PUBLIC LECTURES

Elements of Marxism The importance of Marxist philosophy in the building of the revolutionary party.

Lectures by

G. HEALY

(National Secretary of the Socialist Labour League)

DAGENHAM

Monday October 2 . Thursday October 29 Thursday November 5 Monday November 2 Kav's Restaurant Northrate Hal 271 Ilford Lan Iford. 8 p.n Three lectures by

M. BANDA

(Editor of Workers Press)

ACTON

BLACKFRIARS

Thursday October 29 Mondav October 26 Monday November 2 Thursday November 5 Thursday November 12 Monday November S 'Kings Head' Friars Hall High Stree blackirlars noad Acton. 8 p.m. SEL. 8 p.m. Three lectures by

C. SLAUGHTER

(Central Committee of Socialist Labour League)

BIRMINGHAM

may Novembe Sunday November 15 Sunday vember Monday November 2 Monday November 9 Monday November 16 rooksm 9. Ra, Sheield Birmingben. 4.30 p.m.

LIVERPOOL

ectur

. HEAL

Wednesdav November 4 Wednesday November 11 in Glasgow Wednesday November 25. Sunday November 1 Royal rolation Solspir St DURING the Cambrian Combine Strike of 1910- 1911 (see Workers Press, October 12) the strike committee clashed with the leaders of the S Wales Miners' Federa- tion. As a result of dissatisfac- tion with the Federation Officials an Unofficial Reform Committee was formed and published the famous pamph- let 'The Miners' Next Step'.

This pamphlet demanded minimum wage of 8s a day and a seven-hour day. It called for complete inde- pendence of and hostility to all capitalist parties' and urged a policy of 'open hostility' to the employers 'until have we of extracted the whole the employers' profits'. More dissatisfaction developed over the low awards from the Joint District Boards, set up by the Coal Mines (Minimum Wage) Act of 1912, and particularly over the bias towards the owners shown by the government's 'impartial' board chairmen.

In nearly every case these men fixed the minimum rate for day- wage men at less than 5s.

• Reactions to these low awards combined with political demands for nationalization of the mines and for the reversal of the Osborne Judgement (which ille- galized the use of trade union funds for political purposes).

The Miners' Federation, which had affiliated to the Labour Party in 1909, was by far the largest affiliated union, with the largest number of MPs. The miners had been demand- ing nationalization of the mines since 1892 and had linked this with calls for the nationaliza- tion of the land and railways all without compensation. They also called for a five-day week.

It was around the five-day week issue that the two-thirds majority rule was introduced in 1913. The Miners' Federation held la ballot on the question of adopt- ing a campaign for a five-day working week. A majority of 44,000 were in favour, but the executive decided to take no action. under executive Instead, advice, a special conference car- ried the following resolution: 'That before a national strike is entered upon as the result of any finding of a conference, a ballot vote of the members shall be taken, and a strike shall not be declared unless two-thirds of those voting vote in favour of such a strike. If a ballot vote be taken during the time a strike is in progress a vote of two-thirds of those taking part in the ballot shall be necessary to continue the strike' In 1914 the First World War At first short time broke out. and unemployment in the mines continued and the coal owners, especially in Northumberland and used Durham, this to force through wage reductions. So bad were conditions in the mining industry that enlistment into the armed forces was larger than in any other industry. In Scotland, over 21 per cent of the mining labour force volunteered to join up. The owners then used this as a pretext to declare a labour shortage. They called for a sus- pension of the Eight Hours Act.

They demanded curtailment of holidays, employment of women on the surface and a lowering of the age limit for boys.

GREEDY

But the mine owners were not the only ones greedy for profits.

In the first ten months of the war, food prices rose more than they had done in the previous 20 years. As a result, in March 1915, the miners demanded a 20 per cent rise in earnings. The employers offered 10 per cent which was rejected. Following the intervention of the Prime Minister-Asquith- decided actual increases were locally, so that some areas did worse than others. Northumberland and Durham, for example, got less than half of what was demanded. The miners' fight now became one to end the system of local Council Boards and to replace it 1914 President of Miners' Federatlon

ROBERT SMILLIE

addresses a wartime meeting against war profiteers. with a new standard rate of wages. Central to this was the demand for a minimum wage of 5s a day for all adult surface workers. At this time (March 1915) all the main trade unions, with the exception of the miners and engineers, agreed to suspend union rules and regulations in munitions industries for the duration of the war. The Munitions of War Act was also passed introducing indus- trial conscription and prohibiting An area could be 'pro- strikes. claimed' under the Act and workers going on strike there could be fined. When the S Wales miners, against the will of their execu- tive, gave notice of strike for the minimum and for the payment of afternoon and night shifts at a turn and one-fifth for each turn worked, S Wales was 'proclaimed'. However 200,000 S Wales miners struck work.

After five days the govern- ment conceded the miners' most important points. The miners had won, despite their leaders' hesi- tation. Building on this, the S Wales miners met every demand for a wage cut by the employers with a demand for wage increases. In 1916 two main wage claims (for 20 per cent increases) were met in full. Triple Alliance leader

J. H. THOMAS.

It was this that led to the government taking control of the mines during the war, not to run the pits in the interests of the people in wartime, but to make it easier for the government to handle the militant miners.

The coal-owners, in fact, were guaranteed their profits by the government. As the war progressed, war- weariness grew. In 1916 there strong support throughout was the British working class for the Irish Easter Rising and a revul- sion of feeling against its brutal repression by British imperialism.

Even more shattering than this, however, was the effect of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Opposition the to war grew, there was talk of British soviets, and the workers became even more determined not to allow the employers to use the 'war- effort' as a way of getting quick profits. In 1918 the MFGB demanded

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1

ALEXANDRA

PALACE

Wood Green London, N22

BOOK THIS DATE N

WORKERS PRESS

The most important result of this industrial militancy, which was not confined to the mines, the growth of the most was powerful trade union force yet seen in Britain-the Triple Alli- ance of miners, transport work- ers and railwaymen. The membership alone was formidable: miners 800,000 members, the railwaymen 270,000 and the Transport Work- ers 250,000. The purpose of the Alliance that each section should was take sympathetic action, should any one of them be under attack. But, right from the beginning, long, before. 'Black Friday', the Triple Alliance leaders were intimidated by its strength and strove to turn it into a means of restraining the workers rather than of advancing their cause.

UNITED ACTION

Robert Smillie, the miners' leader, declared: 'Sympathetic action is no longer to be left to the uncon- trolled of a strike emotions period, but is to be the calcu- lated result of mature considera- tion and careful planning' And rule six of the Triple Alliance read: Simultaneously with these arrangements for united, action between the three organizations in question every effort shall proceed among the three sec- tions to create effective and com- plete control of their respec- tive bodies.' At the beginning of 1919, the Miners' Federation put forward a demand for a wage increasé of 30 per cent on total earnings, reduction of the working day from eight to six hours, and nationalization of the mining industry. The government's reply was an offer of 1s an hour and a Com- mission of Inquiry. A special conférence of the miners rejected this and decided to take a bal- lot on strike action, strongly urging their members to vote in favour of a stoppage. muring the balertisements in main papers urging miners to defy their conference decision. Despite this, the result of the ballot was massively in favour of strike 615,164 to votes 105,082. The miners' executive, however, ignored this vote, post- poned the strike notices and decided to participate in the Commission government of Inquiry. This was the famous Sankey Commission. Thus began one of the biggest acts of deceit and treachery perpetrated ever against the miners. During the Commission's pro- ceedings, evidence came to light of the profits massive wrung from the miners' low wages dur- ing the war (a total of £160 million over four years) and also of the high rate of inefficiency in the industry. As a result, the majority report came out in favour of the miners' 30 per cent claim, in RUARY 14, 197l. 11 a.m. Young Socialists and All Trades Unions Alliance

GREAT NATIONAL

RALLY AGAINST

TORYISM

HIS DATE NOW!

favour of the six-hour day and in favour of nationalization.

The report signed by the chair- man and three other members (the Sankey Report) recom- mended a six-hour day by 1921, a wage increase of 2s per shift, and the continuation of State control of the mines. Even the report signed by the coal-owners' representatives conceded the seven-hour day and a rise of ls 6d per day.

The announced government that it accepted the Shankey Report 'in spirit and in letter'.

The miners held yet another ballot which accepted the leader- ship's recommendation to accept the government's statement. They clearly believed that the govern- ment was pledged to end pri- ownership in the mines, vate and it was on this basis that the strike did not take place.

The miners' leaders, however, launched no agitation for nation- alization, simply placing their faith in the government's word. This contrasted sharply with the actions of the employers who mobilized their parliamen- tary and businessmen's lobbies against the Sankey proposals.

Needless to say, the govern- ment went back its word on and rejected nationalization.

What, then, had the role of the leadership been? They had called off the strike notices and persuaded the miners to accept the Royal Commission. They had then persuaded the miners to accept the Commis- sion chairman's report even though it was not the majority report and it fell short of the miners' demands. They had stood by and done nothing while the mine-owners launched a vigorous anti-Sankey campaign and finally, when the government blatantly broke its word, the leaders again avoided strike action and referred the matter to the TUC. Prime Minister

LLOYD GEORGE.

A vote at the Miners' Federa- tion Conference in March 1920 was in favour of strike action nationalization for but at a special conference of the TUC, called to discuss the question, strike action was rejected.

were in The miners, however, an angry mood and their leaders were forced to submit a double

REPRESSION

PAGE THREE

to be just and resolved to abide The leaders were doing every- by the decision the Triple thing could they to prevent Alliance meeting. strike. Ballot papers were flying around like confetti. Although The Triple Alliance leaders, however, hesitant and the miners had already voted were overwhelmingly for strike action decided to send a deputation to they were balloted yet again, the on government to urge accept- ance of the miners' claim.

the appeal of Lloyd George, the Prime Minister. The miners agreed to join this Again the miners rejected the deputation, but the government government's offer by could not be moved. well over three to Again a one. special Robert Smillie's plea to the conference voted for a strike to miners to accept arbitration and take take place, this time from Octo- withdraw the strike notices was rejected. Smillie attempted to disrupt this action by threatening to withdrawing threat his repeated appeals by only after the lefts on the executive.

So the miners went into battle under leader who opposed their action publicly! On October 20 the NUR dele- gate conference voted for strike the miners' action unless claims were granted. This so shook the government Lloyd George that invited leaders to further dis- minerg cussion. Then the miners' execu- threw tive away their own They hastened to accept weapon. Lloyd George's and Chairman of Transport invitation urged the NUR to postpone their Workers' Federation strike action till further notice!

HARRY

GOSLING.

Lloyd George offered a tem- This was reported the porary settlement, which granted Triple Alliance leaders, the miners their 2s, but tied it Ernest Bevin, especially to output (what was called the were antagonistic the for Datum line). miners refusing arbitration. With the strike two weeks old, Already the Triple Alliance yet further ballot held was leaders were showing their true This Lloyd George's rejected colours. The NUR delegates by a majority of to over Alliance. the Triple the 8.000. under of leadership Thomas, But the executive instructed announced that they were against the men to return to work. strike action. Despite the fact that united Harry Gosling, chairman of the with railwaymen action the Federation, Transport Workers' would clearly have com. supported Thomas. plete victory, the strike was over. On Friday, September 24, the Triple Alliance Conference was So the weakness and capitula- informed leader by miners' tion of the leaders of both the Smillie that after the Miners' Federation the meeting and Prime Minister, Triple Alliance prepared the way the miners' emplovers' executive was recommending that for Colint. strike notices be suspended for a The of Black offensive. seeds week. Friday had been sown.

NEW SUBSCRIPTION RATES

FOR 6-DAY WORKERS PRESS

The Workers Press is being published on six days The production week. of the Monday will extra issue be decisive at this time when the Tories are planning an all- out onslaught, against the working class with their anti-union and laws on wages and living conditions. Only anacks Workers Press has fought for revolutionary leadership inside the working class in order to force the Tories to resign.

We thank our present subscribers for their support, which has helped us make this big step forward, and urge all new readers to become regular subscribers.

outstanding Money on present subscriptions will be credited to the new rates.

When these subscriptions expire, readers will be notified and the new rate will then apply.

The new rate for six days will be: £13 for 12 months (312 issues) £6 10s for six months (156 issues) £3 5s for three months (78 issues) If vou want to take Workers Press twice a week the rates will be :

LEASE DON'T DELA

ING ARRANGEMENT.

Fill in the form below NOW and send to: Circulation Dept., Workers Press, 186a Clapham High St., London. SW4. - - I would like to take out a subscription/extend/change my.

present subscription/to Workers Press.

THURSDAY

Days required

MONDAY

(Please tick)

TUESDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

WEDNESDAY

Or Full subscription (six days) for months. Name. Address Amount enclosed E s d

THE SO-CALLED 'International Socialism' group, which publishes the paper 'Socialist Worker' sent a delegation on Saturday to the Institute for Workers' Control conference called to discuss the anti- union laws. They submitted a By Cliff Slaughter resolution, supposed to be a policy to fight In the course of the fight but a campaign to mobilize the anti-union laws. This revolutionary toe woole made union. one- In fact this resolution leaderchin will have to chal- abour movement with lunge and Stanise leadors day strikes as part of thise.

and Stalinist General Strike to the trade unions who the trade unions the working resolution actually says: class and collaborating with through ISm resolution called 101 Tories of all unions LAe "Tae executive. ana make The resolution says that announce that they will detend vourse t wien The these lawe refuse to register are the lories with the Bill has gone through reply to a rising tide Registrar assist This exactly how the is unio leaders of militancy the the trade bureaucracy British industrial and Labour court want hat has to and confine to win will refuse 101 uncy Day little Involved

JUST

uncer TOlS ana-ne multancy. leave more or te truts or toeir conduci them in control. government-im- abours' accent any We must cemand through. posed strike ballots'. working it this was the callse nt nut the pace that the anti-union laws, then of And further: the Parliamentary Labour In the event of the legis- Party could be every swered just and the Bill pressure lation being passed unions parliament arrives at give time to the mass move- instruct they with Compromise motionaly Ladl Will men da to over me cares full backing emoioving Class. have the action tor many workers known as reon- Their union TeTuSIne who Will ne drawn into the struggle in all its stages. 1sm The tracitional handle goods that are black deliver across a picket This is the best nutlook nt the traitoro who have always led the British taking other destroy the parliamentary class from opportunists, socialism. why it is utterly The anti-union laws arise proposals Inaccolate os very from much more runaamen The bil wil co torolon d dangerous TOr Socase tal tactors. that the worker to say that mill. we see tant action is the only way Torv present

DEEPEST CRISIS

Noi thin anti-union laws are seen as action Capitalism is going through inevitable episodes the Bill stop its deepest crisis gradual reformist process.

necessary doomed sufficient. It historically 'International I Socialism' is but it nOU be simply trailing along behind mUST organized as Dart class Call of the mobilization of the destroying the trade union leaders.

OTIV

Trace in its mass whole race Unions we know them. organizations. and imposing new forms of

DAY'S PROTEST

In the fight for this mobi- or her 0 cig dis rule akin to lization, expose In words the resolution defeat the working class on Either talks about Ine Bill'. but for this it advo.

'Socialist Worker' the road to dictatorship, ever cates : de- massive show toe workme classi WIll "A national dav's protest defiance on that day [when teat them in a struggle tor the Bill is taken into strike on dav the kill power force is introduced to parliament.'

liament] could The ficht against the anti government to think again.'

up on laws must be taken This sums it up! A pro- the of this historical

EXPECT

change. The not

DEFIANCE

Guesuon the mobiliza-

DUL

Every must reject worker tion ot te whole workerst dangerous rubbish movement to deteat the Defiance protest and a protest, we need not know Tories they will get. They expect it. But they hope to isolate the miltants on fois issue undermine them afterwards

ALL TRADES UNIONS ALLIANCE

meanwhile defeating other because of retreats.

CONFERENCES

miserable sub- 'International servience Socialism to tne "ett trade union leaders and Stalinists that explains their line on support Plikington glassworkers and inel ight to strike! this issue before working clas Worker's' edi- Defeat the proposed Tory anti-union laws tors expose this themselves.

Alter criticizing heather. they sa say:

SUNDAY NOVEMBER 8

proposals suggested Hugh Scanlon lack Tones the needs of the COVENTRY: Keith's Club, Cox Street, 3.30 p.m.

tune with NEWCASTLE: Royal Turk's Head Hotel, Grey Street, 3 p.m.

movement. were these SHEFFIELD: Crooksmoor Vestry Hall, Crooksmoor Road,

ANG

what proposals? 7.30 p.m. sign on Refice to with the new Registrar of Trade Un Refuse to sign any bind-

SUNDAY NOVEMBER 15

ing agreements. GLASGOW: Partick Burgh Lesser Hall, near Merkland Street 'Refuse to nominate union underground, 7.30 p.m. members „TO the nronosed and industrial trinina s LONDON: Woodlands Hall, Crown Street, Acton, 7.00 p.m.

courts and boycott the work such bodies if they are set xactly the proposal put Speakers will be from the Pilkington Rank and File Committee forward 'International Socialism's' own resolution. Kut ot course Socialis Worker is Tree "This is not sooner the Commonwealth packs itself off, bag and bag- is re.

LATE NEWS

gage, the better! quired, Apad, from the one day one-day which they she DrOTeSt.

CHANCELLOR'S CUTS

called

ARMS SALE CLASH

should be Fighting broke Lon-

-BY POWELL

'Once again, the respon- with sibility for organizing, de- Enoch Tory far-righter eloping and eading the Powell said yesterday that he a groun of about 100 demon fight rank with the strators from a march against rests would not como all and file.' Prissible sale of arms to Chancellor did not talk meant tomorrow ap- thing which "left' placards sound very Kut peared to be very far-reaching Banners, were policemen's elmets or proposed a series of minor these thrown into the air. having union economic

CUTS

30 great or obvious connection.

About were scot-free to i least a third of ohose takes.

go on policies which are vit'i their dirty work "The rela- into custody bound to influence the TOrWarC ionship bf public expenditure whole I Lose national group of about gẹt come. are paraded up and cowa certain salute and chanting government

OUT

ghting on a programm or limit Sieg Heil'. areas altogether the whole he sicipation in certain areas, said. movement on the struggle Asked about the moccine will mean. the break-up of the Common- same time, a ceaseless fight the revisionism wealth as 'International Africa, Socialism'. Bristol

• FROM PAGE ONE

an adjournment of the debate by heckling from the public gallery-despite the presénce of a large squad of police.

At a meeting following the of support messages from several were unions drawn into the dispute.

But the key question of perspective for winning the omitted by the strike was speaker. None raised the • leaders' dangers of the union acceptance of an inquiry and speakers were content.to leave local Tory councillors as the focus of the fight, ignoring the against dominating struggle the Tory government offensive on the entire working class.

CORRECT

The only correct note was struck by a speaker from the floor who shouted 'Let's have leadership from some our We don't mind stay- unions. ing out for another two months, but all the unions should come out'. All T&GWU regional sec- retary Mr Ron Nethercott could offer the meeting was demagogic threats of 'scenes in this city not seen since the 1930s' if the strike continued and his letter to the Lord Mayor asking for negotiations to be opened. This ended 'A résponse from your council will be appreciated'. Cornered after the meeting by strikers demanding la policy for winning the strike, Nether- cott sidestepped with the re- mark I'm not the strike com- mittee'. One of the strikers com- mented: 'Of course, we should all be out. What we need to do is call on the brothers in the car and aircraft industries — where the profits are-and hit them where it hurts! Nixon

• FROM PAGE ONE

out at student militants as a first attacking stage in the working class. Top of the list is Bernar- dine Rae Dohrn, wanted for the vague catch-all offences of interstate flight, mob action, riot and conspiracy. She has on the for been ten run months as a leading member of the Weathermen-a left- wing student group. The FBI has warned that 'Dohrn may reportedly resist arrest ... may have acquired firearms. Consider dangerous': clear incitement to any policeman itchy with an trigger-finger. Nixon declared outright war on the left when he signed his new Crime Bill, giving in- creased powers to the FBI.

With Hoover standing by, Nixon said: 'Gentlemen, you the tools. You give do the job.' Hoover confidently replied: 'We will, Mr President.'

CIVIL

•

FROM PAGE ONE

We must work for stop- and demonstrations of pages as many workers as possible.

now, in support of the counci workers, to win their strike and inflict a defeat on the government. Struggle This mass united working- class action, to defeat the Tories and bring in policies of expropriating big business, struggle inside requires as well as outside parliament.

The Parliamentary Labour Party must be forced to obstruct the anti-union laws line by line. Labour leaders, Stalinists and reformists of all kinds are making the fatal error of assuming that the Tory at- tacks will sting the workers into automatically returning another Labour government.

WORKERS PRESS

Monday, October 26, 1970 Italian youth clash with fascists OXFORD'S DUSTMEN, sewage workers, road-

DEMONSTRATION

last of Calabria, resulted in clashes sweepers and park attendants-some of whom staged a protest demonstration in the town on betweer About thousand high- Saturday—have now been on strike for four school and weeks.

SAY

cked by well-or youths,

OXFORD

stood taliated the fascist: 3 Postordoke ey see we sende pro or oe Muse inalys locan fascist

STRIKERS

Police inte Buston with one of ker from their canteen, Miss Pa and General wor Transport the fascists to safety. members Strike to titan in sensele

WEATHER

against ail torter in the are

MALAN

ARMSON

defeat u out workhs cas and trade umor after last weeks regular mass LOW told anti-union laws. All agreed Asked what njured •laints made in vair Not felt in the The Van was comes I don't

KEEP PAY

Really Complain

PROMISES

Onerd council portal that where the nobs live, you hor wase blacking of Oxford desse contractors

WORKERS

to Now the winers hare failed are detorned in the contactors and efforts to casty any they le austbins

DEMAND

THE ITALIAN cabinet is to present a new

BURLETT

'decree' on the economy in parliament today.

This will replace the one under negotiation last week, which has over-run the parliamentary timetable. urs betrayal Parisini and Borletti converged for developed i monstrated Milan' Socialist mey oficials of all freto ac (PSIUP) and the 'Manifesto unions. demands for aVe noise and or seeing 81up. Lo since the marere rice are of las allowed num cationroposals rech abled Romeo Continents rem, or ha the

CGII

measures. economic lions should be 'autonomous of political parties. aged to opposition Their min or in his Speech past week! take up a politica which will in corporate new aecree - Rowing to the Stalinist pe

• FROM PAGE ONE

out in France cannon ea political party. trade union nor a Deputies fist co THE MINERS' strike in' the Lorraine basin, win asias and Liberas But this very perspecave which started in Merlebach at the beginning of the co were broke accusin the legime of a sell those the week, now covers most of the coalfield.

specific industry seminars. The miners are claimi Collaboration

OLICE

О'E0 bore a to she tate да 42) join the out leaflets And in Florence three lead- while they Socialist Party cescal positions of the so set, and in no mal joined the group. struck

LIVELY YS

on 'pro- activity bargaining. Colombo Salesgirls out esperate to achieve a gent!

SAFE

works at Hatondante productivity questions from the floor at one estones retaliation for a pay strike by asked. You simply can't ghe pro- union strain Parian and the roads yet: Manor points of ductivity from are stil the proposed in a petrol Space earn ente anning and National

WAR

ist rally. new contract. They are playing undersand the need to oppose With tire did not

UNIONS ALLIANCE

the productivity deals. 13bour

MEETINGS

No difference Now, *Force once the Tories parliamentarians may

SNIAS

coalition the core. Compromise productivity dealing. he tw reformist the here leaders (Social The Birmingham conferenc conte ence slagsles tacing ese working The Italian trade Were 1t%2 Sons leaders i leaders to join united action.

lo set up separate secuons