Workers Press no. 54

workers press The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1969

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 54

PRICE 6d. What

STOP WILSON'S

Unions must say Briefly we

VISIT TO NIXON

think Factories The

NO MORE

Acton mystery join protest conditions of Ralph

WAGE FREEZE

AS WELL as the many individuals who have ket signed the Workers Press petition against Schoenman Wilson's visit to Washington, and the many trade union branch resolutions, important sec- Industrial Relations Bill. tions of factories have also joined the protest.

workers i ne lollowing BIG TROUBLE for the Labour in Tractor and Transmis- White Paper on have SIOnS. birmingham. government's Nixon makes war signed a petition which prices and incomes, officially pub- • reads : We the undersigned de lished today, is already brewing mand that atone indoo on Black Panthers in the trade unions. Washington at the January be stopped in order In the last six months,

BY DAVID MAUDE

Nixon's policy the Trades Union Con- massacre genocide of the Viet- gress's Downing Street un- about adept a 2.4 pe ent his activities dertaking to Wilson stop strikes has been torn Who is Ralph Schoenman? Wage rePaper to shreds. Labour League The Socialist In movement Bus and truck workers at labour ok alical Leyland So cause polic which mall s happening in such bare-faced deception.

men Port miners all over the country Prate set can i e signed have contemptuously forced olidarity Dreacnes Dar Dard e closed down the Hall cent over the lat eat on from the peralisa speaker vasues ›* per cent celing on wage increases Moon i bia That ene a which on that poitical power, the exe management's reaucraay the Vietnamese Reva Productivity and cuts members 2 the the engineer of being Bus- as a load of rubbish anter bein 430 Three men

BAS SIRIKE ENDS:

onlist in yesterday for States so ere chat that dri Vorsniand of Viet- tea chip show and The Bertrand a major the way prepare attle tical director railways neart became spring with Stalinism for f4-a-week without strings

PUBLIC

LONDON'S

Pole wear a on o lad as bas Auded be panther.

transport oystell grind to a halt on New of the strike cor Soviet-

STILL NO

Year's Day. drivers, THE BRUTAL battle between a force of 300 underground

ACTION ON

• AEF ex Egyptian guards ana stallon police-armed with dynamite, helicopters, tear- Les accused may decide lo1r the orated sidd

VICTIMIZED

city's gas and carbines-and 11 Los Angeles Black 28.000 busmen talks open distic. threatened 24-hour their Panthers has only confirmed widespread fears

STEWARD

that Nixon intends to wipe out the Black Panther in Moscow esident's charges agai organization. right to

_KANSPUKT

workers Chamber has eat By our foreign correspondent Ine unedual battle which AlLs Southal tactorv were

BY JOHN SPENCER

return Moscow between Sere lead.

raced for tour hours in the persuaded area work on Tuesday afternoon around the panthers headquarters Monday, out to talk with the dutcontes. precipitated by a dawn son will be the

GREET

wy, police stri management's decisio Ignoring • LaiL lical principle Poice ain to send them home if they dea

WORKERS PRESS

strike in sup nough they met with Port ol tel vicumized shoo no re steward, tony kicnardson.

building, All form the White Cordon dynami on the mad o lack Pater. Talks * pand area of the ery wa much claimed to pen too Siven rejected must rushed in, and on He is well known in th anothere n All Trades Snipose lian Report highlights Indian and de 0s and Measured Day at public meetings others women, including tw weth orted this tee peasant struggle See the film of the first issue being prepared and committed by toes in 'Gun battle' printed and the film 'Young Socialists, 1969 In the course of the Trivia Two to cease wait inne

LIVERPOOL

Sunday, December 14, 7.30 p.m.

pelle day be Shaftesbury Hotel, Mount Pleasant • this in dar ion ite areas ted to miltons of adis lagainst throughout

SHEFFIELD

Browth of food sain Developed the Facts inde to do Pro Sunday December 21, 7.30 p.m.

one was a ena • the admit Industries shibition Centre itself conflict it wor Carver Street (behind City Hall) gains Speakers MIKE BANDA (Editor of Workers" Press) "social transformation, the • Пострано 10 208 India's SHEILA TURKANCE (National secretary of the away Young Socialists) peasants

workers press

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 54

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1969

What Unions must say We think The

NO MORE

mystery of Ralph

WAGE FREEZE

Schoenman dating Bertrand importan BIC TROUBLE for the Labour questions unanswered. government's White Paper on Nixon makes war * nea bee m S seermary hor prices and incomes, officially pub.

were lished today, is already brewing on Black Panthers in the trade unions. Era. som three monis a80 In the last six months,

BYDAYID MAUDE

Trades Union une adept a 24-4 per gress s Downlg street ull- Labour leaders Wilson unions to, stop strikes has been torn Who is Ralph Schoenman? Paper latonay ve 0 sureas. indeed Bus and truck workers at Leviana IVIOtOS. austen Estor! ana nemen in London and cities, other •o asturnace suo bare yall de deced by.

Wine Aue N9 maug remember men at Talbot Port miners all over the country publice acore o leure breaches Castle's : 34 cent ceiling Tenue hen wạt ai 4 Phe last year alo on wage increases. Hime a membr Now, within what may only portaal sr Productivity Vietnamese Rev-butra Schbenmat wind his and cuts Peused the ngh ro, required up to now Bus- government. she stalinist 5 ot the campaign com Carr's demanc men actione gro collabor- end schoenman +0 1 % buet antris Baten ate show preparing through int costo of living ash ine prebe cost 1 Redst the the way aim toe over wages diavoidabiy spring. Branse win saline Opposed

PUBLIC

LONDON'S

Schoenman anes in the * wet ra pter 1 bos cued s hek panther transport system grind to a halt on New Soviet- Year's Day. tih eocee solidarity with the Vietnam- THE BRUTAL battle between a force of 300 chi tat guards station Egyptian police-armed with dynamite, helicopters, tear- may

JULL

gas and carbines-and I1 Los Angeles Black 8,000 city's busmen talks open 24-hour their Ll calcieu Panthers has only confirmed widespread fears loken suike in Moscow that Nixon intends to wipe out the Black Panther against the organization. ing attack: By our forelgn correspondent a nd ine The unequal battle, which themselves

BY JOHN SPENCER

raged for four

TALKS

between Soereay hours in th 'service' nonsensel area arouna une rataers " More and uete york deal nedacwarter: Moncay. ten der camee restine. for The Socialist was precipitated by a dawn Labour League states unequivocally police raid. in Los Angeles smoren derr poli™ and sh they met ce launched Solution in faded the aparma dr Cordon oviet The police attempted to use Black Panters Illinois dea guarees er Kosygin and President Poden ly. A wide area of the city was sererey mne Report highlights Indian peseven others, including two peasant struggle dement o Mr Cot 'Gun battle'

A R SEPOT

Two policemen were injurec In the course of the Moro asd met North Viet- toni hain i centes e rade Han minato ecma centre of b o omtold. ontro, Coalition this murder

DER

Lillt Panther CLC trom January Passo ont india. lan der stalletcu Hae Frerich Developed harigent. Decimated • tao Exede only bao This betore sett car dt an antiViet publ Toas dor ao in mo nt

SFE

social trad ire in, or • Be Neand. armins do Pante as ual Hald il han th

• PADE 4 COL 6-8

that ener turgute. movements

• PAGE 4 COL. 3 →

peasants. The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d.

STOP WILSON'S

VISIT TO NIXON

TORY

UNIONS:

Mr Kobert Carl vesteroat made attack on the strike • ov main. Acton tenance mer the underground train depot. Wimbledon he said it disgraceful that conditions : an inter-union squabble aboul wIld aoes what'. threatened: Carl strikes UnIs KInG AS WELL as the many individuals who have ought not to enov the banker Immunity which they signed the Workers Press petition against possess at the moment. 'They will no longer do so Wilson's visit to Washington, and the many when the Conservative trade union branch resolutions, government has important sec- ne y Relations tions of factories have also joined the protest.

The following workers in Tractor and Transmis-

NURSES PROTEST :

Several inousand nurses are expected sions, Birmingham, have to meet in winchester toniont signed a petition which Ior the tourtn regional meet- ing in Royal College •reads : Nursing's 'Raise the pay 'We the undersigned de- group mand that Wilson's visit to Spend of Washington at the of night eno Moor's Cow January be stopped in order Calf to withdraw for

SUDDOTT

for DrOLesT. acan Nixon's policy of massacre more pay, is expected to last and genocide of the Viet- Intil the weekend. namese people' Student nurses, 120 of wham appealed for broad AFF steward Cronin yesterday's Workers 5 in tare and factory support and Karton. G. Ryder, AEF: Harper, Trac- appalling £395 annuanar and Transmissions tor tor sweated break 'We should more two diplomatic relations with labour. United States and any which iSeS tascist polipesing hi what

CONVENOR

SACKED:

Vietnam. Workers the : Iron Crico work have been! ompany's has been signed Gaswhite members sackeu ucas Turbine, walking out in defence of Dirnie am: L. taeDuty con- Inel aismissed convenor. Bill -95

A DOUT

men- DeT • factor's labour Heard. cent or the Kite, Wood Nurray. torce-are strike her (convenori. meet today to • discuss their The following resolution has reply to the management's been District assed the Erith action. Committee felt that the -sacking. the

AEF:

Amalgamated Union *Mindful of Nati ol Com- Colla i call for connected redoubled with posals by all our wage-struc members new end this murderous ture described by the engineer- War nOW

THIS

end we Ine unIon s alstei oreanizen as 'a load of rubbish'. possible maximum nrotest Wilson's anst proposed visit to the USA in January support being 1970 and of the 4,500 British Road Services drivers loaders ended their old strike yesterday alas work union restarted parcel by initiating CorOLeSuS, pany BRS workers are dis- resolutions and action in the ncrones. sausned tnat SnOD stewards THIRTY of London's Acton sole productivity strings in re turn for a t›-?-week increase workshops strikers instead thronon have signed the netition. in the fight for the original claim cluding Park Royal No.2 for f4-a-week without strings.

Wandsworth

AEF

Barton members of the

STILL NO

PRESIDENT

THIEU'S

strike committee. Saigon Others signed outside the

ACTION ON

AEF

on Monday were exect- tive councilman Reg Birch;

VICTIMIZED

Metal Workers London sheet district oficial Parter. Front Lazarius, United if the Patternmakers Ássociation

STEWARD

did not Tony Nich Stat Star? photographe impeach them. is examining committee petition has also been the President's charges against

TRANSPORT

workers at the centities AEC's Southall factory were An opposition group in the Union and lower chamber has reacted by woodworkers' mem. nersuaded the President work on Tuesday afternoon hers from Mvton's Karhican site. including

ASW

applying laws the hutaine after hearing from the con- steward R. J. Treasury. jungle. venor and chairman of the shop stewards' committee

GREET

The manacement s decision to send them home if they continued to strike in sup- port of their victimized shop steward, Tony Richardson.

Workers Pries, Tony esterdad.

sacked on Friday

SOL

was WOrK' It is claimed he spent too much time on union business.

He is well known in the actory as a supporte _ot thi All Trades Unions Alliance and an onnonent of Aroducti.

at public meetings vity deals and Measured-Day Work. The AEC joint shop stew. See the film of the first issue being prepared and committee has still not arac together by the hoon rolled printed and the film 'Young Socialists, 1969' convenor, despite the com- mittee's demand that Richard-

LIVERPOOL

son be reinstated. months ago 1,000 AEC workers work and marched the Sunday, December 14, 7.30 p.m.

permissior Enoch Powell's immigra SUDOOrL Shaftesbury Hotel, Mount Pleasant

SHEFFIELD

Unless a fight is raised in Sunday December 21, 7.30 p.m.

the factory to get this steward Industries Exhibition Centre will reinstated. the Powellites hey control ato Carver Street (behind City Hall) They will organize against the management's Speakers lans for speed-up to bring in Measured- MIKE BANDA (Editor of Workers' Press) pro SHEILA TORRANCE (National Secretary of the stewards who Young Socialists) fight against these plans.

PAGE TWO

THE BETRAYAL of the non - European workers in industry by the South Communist African Party's operation of the Conciliation Industrial Act began during • the period when the Stalinist bureaucracy suddenly re- versed its foreign policy of 'anti-imperialism' to 'social-fascism' and ad- venturism, and turned over onto its stomach with a 'right turn'. Democracy had to be saved, fascism destroyed, Popular Fronts built up in place of the revolutionary struggle against imperialism', old enemies made friends, old friends made enemies, ex- pellers expelled, the old ex- pelled reinstated as the new expellers, the 'black republic' dropped and replaced by 'democratic' slogans. The Simons make little analysis of the relation be- Stalinism and the tween CPSA in this period. Nor do they explain the social reasons why the Popular Front carried the white leader- ship of the CP, as it was, so readily along with the new policy, which was really return to the old days when Andrews, Sachs and Bunting flourished. The fact is that the new policy appealed strongly to the privileged 'radical' white petty- bourgeoisie, which made its way rapidly into the Left Book Club, the Anti-Fascist League and other Popular Front set- ups, and into the CP and its leadership. The book of the Simons does, however, contain much useful

CPSA

material on activities in this period. Thus that

CPSA

they show the repeated its 1923-1924 policy of moving close to the Afrik- aner worker and radical, by issuing an Afrikaans monthly, 'Die Arbeider en Arme Boer' in January : 1935 (p. 471). Afrikaners began to move in- to the CPSA. The Anti-Fascist League, formed in March 1934, and the Friends of the Soviet Union, a patronizing, liberal, reformist dominated by organization proto - Zionists and other radicals, drew sections of the urban white middle class closer to the CP. Party Labour members helped to form the Anti-Fascist League (p. 471), which had no compunction in admitting pro- fascists (pro-colour bar) mem- bers into an 'anti-fascist' front.

While the All-African Con- vention (AAC) the against 1935 Hertzog land and fran- chise bills was being formed, CP initiated a League Against Fascism and War. Into the latter poured the liberals, who, at the same time, disorientated the AAC and led it into collaborationist chan- nels (Native Representation).

The 'black republic' slogan came under attack. Bach and company came under fire. All who doubted the 'importance of the African middle class', like Tefu and Coka, suspended were or expelled (July 1935). Supporters of Kotane (for a long time to come the secretary-general of the party) and a fifth of the Johannesburg branch were suspended for criticising the line new ('Umsebenzi', 1935). Kotane opposed the expul- sions and was dropped from the political bureau by the white bosses of the party (for 'white man boss' really ruled the ÇPSA through his social position). When the militant non- European members, like Kotane and Gomas, together with Roux, asked the Comin- tern to intervene, they were opposed by Richter, a Latvian who had 'emigrated' to the Free State (a Boer stronghold).

Richter and Bach . went to Moscow to state the Party view against Kotane Gomas. The South African Communist Party phys the Nazi-Soviet Pact-Molotov is seen abor The The late Albert Luthuli: Once President of the now banned ANC.

Both had, however, backed in its paper given to Bantu the 'Third Period' line. 479). languages (p. The leadership swung from Simons reports (p. 477) that the executed white, Bach, in- brother both, plus the to the hands of men like Issy were expelled by the Richter, Wolfson, a Jewish, local-born Comintern from the Party • for white who, with Kalk, led the of having shielded a follower Party on the Rand after join- Leon Trotsky' (p. 477). ing it only in 1934. 'The three men', write the He spoke in 1936 Simons, 'were put on trial, platform together with 'a sentenced and bishop, a rabbi, Mrs Ballinger' to death executed' 477. 'South (p. 479) and Labour Party and (р. Worker', June 19, St John Ambulance represent- African atives 'sat on the platform'.

1937. 'Sunday Express', July 18, 1937). The CP proposed to support Thus former leading mem- the segregationist Labour Party

CPSA

in provincial council elections.

bers of the were 'It was a pity that they stood Moscow executed in by the for segregation' Stalinist bureaucracy. complete 480), 'This apart, Labour (p. The Simons have absolutely (p. 480). was sincere.. no comment on this! Sach's policy of an all-white Small wonder, for both were, front was enforced by Hardy.

at the time, deeply involved in supporting the Moscow "The Party joined in forming Trials, and have no critical an all-white People's Front at a conference called in October' make this comment to on counter-revolutionary annihila- (p.480). Andrews 'Let tion of the Bolshevik vanguard Bill warned: us not discuss details and re- in the 1930s. forms [ie segregation] in face The Comintern гер of the great danger' (Forward', resented in South Africa for October 9. most of 1936 by George Hardy 1936). The objections of Kotane from the British Communist were swept aside. The CP lead- Party. ers were in no mood to hear The CPSA was thus under his cry that 'anti-fascists were the influence of a combination defending the existing state of British of chauvinistic social affairs, which was rotten in the democracy: (via the British CP), of Africans and eyes of Stalinism and of white Coloureds' (p.481. Minutes of liberalism patronizing an in- CPSA meeting, Johannesburg, and effectual weak non- 1938). December 29. European petty-bourgeoisie.

Violating the policy of non- worse combination could collaboration put forward scarcely be imagined. within the All-African Con- leading CP by its real left wing, In this period, vention members like Sachs, leader of

CPSA

the 'put its

CUD

a segregationist Afrikaner Gar- candidates in elections held at Workers' could ment Union, that time under the Represen- dare to an all-white tation of Natives Act' (p.482).

propose for he free front, 'wanted to Basner, A white advocate, of thousands of the hundreds later a leading liberal 'Native whites from imperialism DOOr Representative' Senator, stood 478. and fascist influences' (p.

for the all-white Senate.

'South Janu- African Worker', Harry Snitcher - - later to ary 1, 1939, February 5, 1938).

leave the CP and author of the Sachs, Hardy, in opposing statement that 'under the Afri- proposed, what instead, kaner nationalist lay a social- amounted to a white-controlled ist'-stood for election to the 'common front' with the AAC all-white parliament. 'assist in The secretary-general of the as member to higher maintaining the stan- Mofutsanyana. summed party, the dards of white workers, up the CP's role at the time: 'We have to while obtaining better wages admit a for Africans' (p. 478). plete betrayal of the African The British Comintern rep- people' (p.484). resentative thus counselled the His disillusionment led him

CPSA

on the basis of white to suggest a separate 'African supremacy racialism. section' of the Party, because the African members 'felt that In giving up temporarily the imperialism the Party was not their own' struggle against and fighting, instead, to ward but "leaned heavily on' (was 'the whites' off fascism and war' (p. 478), dominated by) the

CPSA

reduced the (p.484). space unist Party physically attacked Trotskyists who condemned them for glorifying otov is seen above with Hitler in Berlin in 1940.

WORKERS' PRES:

The issue led to the removal of the Party headquarters to Town from Johannes- Cape burg. In Cape Town the new poli- tical bureau of six contained including four Europeans, Andrews and both Ray Alex- and H.. ander Simons, authors of the book under review. The new headquarters, set up at the end of 1938, made no change in policy. This, in turn, intervened more sharply on important anti-segregation OT- ganizations of which Cape Town had become the centre.

IN DECEMBER 1935 La Guma (of 'black republic' fame) and Cissie Gool, a recruit to the newly-formed CP, led the National Liberation League, an , organi- individual-membership zation against apartheid.

The aims included full poli- tical equality. When the League opposed 'organization on racial and sectarian lines', R. Bridge- man, international secretary of the League Against Imperial- ism, tried in vain to get the acceptance of racially segre- gated organizations. The League became more principled and militant when the late Dr G. H. Gool be- came the new president and issued a call for a national con- vention of 'Bantu, Coloured, Indian, Malay' in September, 1937. Dr Gool, the Simons do not tell us, was one of a new generation who were to be per- secuted as Trotskyists by the

CPSA.

generated the Left This Opposition and, later, the Workers' and Fourth Party International Organization. In Cape Town, Johannesburg and elsewhere they the were CPSA's most formidable opponents among the non- Europeans. Dr Gool declared: 'Our only hope lies in unify- ing all those forces that feel the weight of oppression as we do, into a cohesive and deter- mined whole in opposition to imperialism' (p.489. 'Liberator', , No vol. 1, No. 5, 1937). The Simons gloss over the work of Gool and others of similar views by means of a bit of racialism: they are vir- tually dismissed as 'Coloured intellectuals'. The Africans in the Trotsky- ist movement are conveniently omitted. This, despite the verbal and physical attacks on the 'non- European Trotskyists', as the CP chose to label them, in the National Liberation League and where they the AAC steadily fought for a policy of non-collaboration as the basic method of struggle against apartheid. At best, the Simons refer to this group as 'a small left-wing who foresaw group, the futility of working the Native Representation Act, as the CP was doing, with the liberals, yet made no headway against the missionary-trained reform- ist leaders, lured by the meagre stipend or the prestige of sit- ting in a mock parliament' (p.495). The Left Opposition in the Convention lost in the attempt to get the AAC to accept the boycott of separate racial elec- tions. George Hardy, British CP agent of the Comintern, said: "Trotskyists and other op- portunists were into playing the government's hands by proposing a boycott' (p.496).

The Simons comment feebly: 'A foundation member of the British CP, Hardy (1884-1965) suspected a Trot- skyist in every left-wing critic of communist policy' (p.496).

Against the Trotskyist policy of boycott as a weapon of the policy of non-collaboration, Hardy and the other white CP leaders proposed a policy of working the apartheid 1936 Native Representation Act (p.496 CPSA, Organize People's Front in South Africa, 1936). Popular Front Thus the meant no more and no less than collaboration with the system of apartheid. Nor could it be otherwise, for its essential basis was class-collaboration between the oppressed and their ('liberal', 'democratic') oppressors.

'Anti-fascism meant only the acceptance of the fascist sys- tem of totalitarian colour dis- crimination in South Africa.

The CP, assisted by the 'missionary-trained reformist leaders', defeated the Trotsky- ists of the All African Conven- at the moment when tion, African workers at Vereeniging (September, 1937) and else- being killed, where were wounded and jailed by the police of the system which the CP was defending against the boycott. The CPSA carried its policy into the League where, as the Simons again do not tell us, they split the organization in the struggle against the so-cal- led Trotskyists.

ORKERS' PRESS

This, the other side of the Popular Front (with the white liberals), was intensified in the Non-European United Front (NEUF), born out of the NIL in Cape Town in March 1938.

The NEUF called for a 'non- European United Front of Africans, Coloured and Indians against all colour bars, and hoped that white labour would support their efforts to secure equality' (p.501). A year later, on March 27, • on 1939, the NEUF organized a demonstration in giant Cape Town against the colour bar.

The government, for the 'dropped its own moment, [additional] segregation propo- sals. For once the militants could claim that they had blocked the racial way to totalitarianism' (p.502).

The CP waged a bitter war in the on the Trotskyists NEUF and NLL. They expelled La Guma, Dr Gool and others. The Simons say nothing about the real content of the struggle, but run away from the history of the time in a series of strange mis-state- ments. They say (p.503) that Gool was backed by 'a group of white Trotskyists calling them- selves the Workers' Party' (p.503). Unlike the CP of the time, the Workers' Party was not led or composed mainly of whites. They say that the Workers' Party and its organ, 'Spark' 'gave rise to the notion that the League or the Coloured in- tellectuals who composed it!!] followers of Trotsky' were (p.503). In what sets out to be a history of the liberation move- ment, the Simons make not the least attempt to describe the origins, rise, influence, acti- and policies Vities Workers' Party and 'Spark' irrespective of how significant and weighty these were in the anti-apartheid movement of the late 1930s and afterwards.

They make only empty, eva- sive reportage, such that as 'Communists, Trotskyists and members of every racial group sat together at a non-European United Front Conference Cape Town on April 8, 1939; the Fourth International was represented and also the New Era Fellowship, a students' society allegedly under Trot- skyist influence' (p.504).

• Nor do they deal at all with the contribution of the New Era Fellowship, which played a role not unlike that of the early Jacobin and Cordelier Clubs in the days of the early French Revolution, in bringing liberatory consciousness to the oppressed. Nor yet do they describe the real cause for the collapse of the NLL and NEUF, namely that they were killed by the The South African Communist Party in 194 on the Atlantic Charter of Churchill and R CPSA for the sake of the 'war against fascism'. They say only that 'Dadoo la CP leader-to-be] ... called off the campaign [a passive resis- tance struggle] ... The impact external events had once of again turned the national lib- eration movement away from the path of mass struggle' (p.507). The facts, as the Simons fail to relate, are that the CPSA liquidated the NLL and the at conferences called

NEUF

after the Nazi invasion of the

USSR.

of Before this destruction the most advanced anti-im- perialist organizations formed up to that time, the CP was to go through a period of vir- tual collaboration with the Afrikaner Nationalists who now govern South Africa. Not only on the political but also on the industrial front the CP worked segregation-quite apart from its working of the Industrial Concilliation Act.

During the Popular Front period, in 1937, Kalk ot the CP, on the basis of a policy initiated by Hardy, of the Bri- tish CP, proposed a scale of wages to the white-dominated Trades and Labour Council (TLC) which discriminated against Africans. 'The Communist Party', say influenced the Simons, Hardy's reformist ideas and the argument that displacements might outweigh the benefits of equality, proposed "as an im- • Russi practical measure", a mediate differential minimum rate 10s. [a day] for whites and 5s.

for Africans' (p.514. 'Umseben- zi, July 11, 1936). nist Party in 1943 influenced the ANC to adopt a 'Chi Churchill and Roosevelt. Kalk's motion to the TLC, backed by Andrews and Wolf- son, was based on Hardy's colour bar. The white CP wage segrega- tionists were opposed by a Coloured dockers leader, Octo- ber, who said that many of his members were, in fact, earning 8s. a day, or more than the wage proposed by the CP.

October was outvoted and the TLC backed Kalk's colour- bar policy (p.515. TLC, Report of 7th Annual Conference, 1937). WHEN THE WAR broke out in August 1939, the CPSA de- clared it to be 'an imperialist war for raw materials, mar- kets, capitalist domination and the power to exploit colonial peoples in Africa and Asia' (p.528). It declared that there could be no war for democracy when there was 'a vicious system of racial discrimination at home'.

"The fight against fascism must start in our own country' (p.529). Despite his own statement of the fact that the CP reversed this line after the invasion of n im- • Russia by Hitler, Simons says "That was the keynote of com- munist policies throughout the war' (p.529). The NLL and NEUF said that 'the first duty was to : to adopt a 'Charter of Rights' modelled struggle for democratic fights on the home front' (p.53l.

'Guardian', December 1939), but La Guma and some others followed the Popular Frontist line out logically and enlisted in a segregated Indian- Malay corps. Simons has nothing to say about these whom the CP con- tinued to call 'Trotskyists' and unlike the CP, main- who, anti-im- tained anti-war, an perialist line throughout the whole of the war. Nor has he anything to say : in the of their leading role NEUF until its liquidation by the CP in 1941. Dadoo, following the anti- war policy Nehru, who, however, did not reverse his attitude in 1941, was jailed for being anti-war. He declared in 1940 and in 1941, just before the CP re- versed its line, 'that the war would be just only if full democratic rights, freedom and independence were extended to the oppressed peoples of South Africa, India and the colonies' (p.533. 'Guardian' , August 29, 1940, June 2, 1941). The CP expediently 'forgot' about Dadoo's and also Kotane's definition of a 'just Thursday, December 11, 1968 war' when they followed the Party in supporting the war of Smuts in 1941, despite the fact that full democratic rights, and freedom independence were not extended to the op- pressed peoples of South Afri- ca, India and the colonies.

Unlike the anti-colour-bar policy of the anti-war Trotsky- ists, the CP continued to work apartheid during its 'anti-war' period. Sachs, for example, submit- ted a clause to Madeley, Min- ister of Labour in the war- cabinet, which 'would allow a inspector to prevent factory "objectionable contact" be- tween white women and em- ployees of any other class' (p.534). 'In 1940 his Garment Work- ers' Union in Johannesburg established a separate branch Coloured members' for its (p.535. 'Guardian', September 26, 1940). The Simons say: 'Once intro- duced, segregation gradually spread, until it included separ- ate entrances, lifts and offices for Coloured and African gar- ment workers. "They resented segregation, and Sachs maintained that it was the only way by which he could appease the "violent pre- of his white members' judices (p.53). ILC, Report of Annual Conference, 1942). The Simons evade the 'flirta- tion' of the CPSA with the Nationalist Party from 1939 to June 1941. During this time the CP published a special paper, 'Ware Republikein' in order to attract Afrikaner members.

It held joint meetings with Nationalist Party speakers, while 'condemning' the even Nationalists as Nazis. In Johannesburg the CP or- ganized special meetings from which non-Europeans were ex- plicitly debarred in order to 'educate' Afrikaners to social- ism and overcome' their colour prejudices. At the same time as 'coquet- ting' the Nationalists, with CP members physically at- tacked Trotskyists who con- for glorifying demned them the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The book says nothing of all this, nor of the work of the Workers' Party, the Fourth In- ternational Club and the organ, 'Workers' Voice' in the war.

IN JUNE 1941, when Hitler's troops invaded the USSR, the adopted a pro-war

CPSA

policy, covering up their re- versal of policy by demanding that Churchill, Roosevelt and Smuts 'grant democracy' to the non-Europeans and arm them to fight for the democracy that did not exist in South Africa.

The dependence of the CP

Thursday, December 11, 1969 on a white middle-class base was reflected by the sudden circulation rise in of the 'Guardian' from 12,000 in 1940 to 42,000 a week in 1943, and by a rise in membership of the Party from 400 in April 1941 to 1500 by December 1943.

While the CP launched a 'Defend South Africa' cam- paign in 1942 (p.538), it sent Mofutsanyan, Maliba and Lek- gotha into elections under the anti-African Native Represen- tation Act, which perpetuated the disfranchisement of the Africans and set up a system 'councils' of Bantustan Africans and a system of by 'Native Representation' Europeans in parliament and Senate and provincial councils.

White communists entered the field in the parliamentary (all-white) elections of 1943' (p.538). The CP influenced the ANC to adopt a 'Charter of Rights' modelled the Atlantic Charter drawn up by Churchill and Roosevelt in August 1941.

Colin Steyn, Minister of Justice in the Smuts govern- ment, became a patron of the Friends of the Soviet Union, which thus received official backing from the most racial- istic regime in the world.

The CP built up the Spring- bok Legion which attracted 40,000 members and was a re- cruiting body for Smuts' war.

Busy with recruiting for and backing the war, the CP be- came isolated from the anti- apartheid struggle. During the war, which the CP supported, the government introduced many new colour- bar laws and institutions, against the Africans, against the Indians (Pegging Act, etc), against the Coloureds (the Affairs Department Coloured 1943, etc. It was the New Era Fellow- ship in Cape Town, even on the admission of the Simons, which took the initiative and the lead in the struggle against the CAD, which formed the anti-CAD movement in Feb- ruary 1943, which, in turn, with the combined AAC to form the anti-imperialist, anti- Non-European Unity war Movement with a programme of 'nothing less than full demo- cratic rights' and the method of non-collaboration (p.543).

The first anti-CAD confer- ence represented '109 societies and groups' (p.541). In spite of this, the Simons' book contains no real history of this important movement, nor of the NEUM, nor of the Teachers' League of South Africa or the Cape African Teachers' Association, or the

NEUM.

many struggles of the On the contrary, the Simons, true to the anti-Marx- ist policy of collaboration of the CPSA, condemned the boycott of the Native Repre- Council and sentative elec- tions as a strategy of with- drawal'. (Like a strike?)

They defend the CP against the charge of Kies, an anti- CAD spokesman, that among the Quislings and collaborators were 'dozens and dozens of so-called radicals and social- ists and communists who paid lip-service to the emancipation of the non-European, while they rode into the council or parliament on his back, or grew rich at his expense by organizing trade unions' (p., The Simons ignored the important teachers and the Cape African Teachers' Association

B.B.C.-1

9.38 a.m.-12 noon Schools. 12.30 Farm Management. p.m. Ryan A Ronnie. 1.30 Watch With Mother. 1.45-1.53 News Weather. 2.05-2.55 Schools.

4.20 Play School. 4.40 Jackanory. 4.55 Blue Peter. 5.25 Journey To The Centre Of The Earth. 5.44 Hec- tor's House. 5.50 National News and Weather. 6.00 London-Nationwide. 6.45 The Doctors. 7.05 Top Of The Pops. 7.30 Dad's Army. 8.00 Softly Softly. 8.50 The Main News and Weather. 9.10 Sports Review of 1969.

10.30 24 Hours. 11.15 Weatherman. 11.17 Car-Wise. Regional programmes as BBC-1 except at the following times: Midlands and East Anglia: 6.00-6.45 Midlands Today, Look ).m. Neather, Nationwide. 11.47 News Summary, Weather. Vorth of England: 6.00-6.45 p.m. Look Weather, Weather. North, Nationwide. Headlines, Wales: 2.30-2.50 p.m.Today.

News Dysgu Cymraeg. 6.00-6.45 Wales Weather, Nationwide. 6.45-7.05 Heddiw.

Scotland: 6.00 6-45 p.m. Reporting Scotland, Nationwide. 11.47 Epilogue, News Headlines. Northern Ireland: 6.00-6.45 p.m. Scene 545. NEUM, 3rd Conference, January 1945), After saying that the anti-

CAD

initially followed the Marxist line', the Simons ac- cuse it, the AAC and NEUM of anti-whiteism, a false as all statements of charge, these organizations reveal.

They say, in true Stalinist 'the fashion, that main achievement of the anti-CAD was to immobilize a generation of Coloured intellectuals, im- munize them against Marxist theory' (p.546). They denounce non-collab- as put forward oration, ( by Gool, Kies and Tabata, "synonym (p. 546), while upholding the col- laborationist activity of being 'elected', in defiance of the

NEUM

boycott, as 'Native Representatives' to the Nazi parliament. To cover up their essential collaborationism, the CP took up anti-pass and other strug- gles, but in isolation from the demand for full democratic rights. Hertzog: Enacted the racial segregation laws in 1936.

It took up the struggle of Orlando whose squatters leader, Mpanza, with his cry 'Sofazonka' (we die together) aroused Colin Legum of the Labour Party to chair a com- and draft a manifesto mittee which 'urged the government to deport Mpanza and expel Orlando town- squatters from ship' (p.549). But the Legums were only the erstwhile allies of the CP Party's criticism of and the them was not based on the abolition of the whole system of locations like Orlando and of Location Advisory Boards which the CPSA helped form.

The systematic failure of the book to deal with the full his- the Non-European tory of Movement ' and Unity the patent hostility of the authors to this movement, which boy- cotted of Sam . the election Kahn, Bunting (junior), Carne- son and Ray Alexander (co- author of the book) as European Native Represent- atives', make the remainder of account of the CPSA the almost worthless. For the dominant political force, especially in the Cape Province, including the Tran- skei, was more and more the NEUM in this war-time and post-war period. 'Traitors to FOLLOWING THE AAC, the ANC in October 1946, at a conference of 500 delegates, voted for a motion by Kotane, portant teachers' struggles organized by the Teachers' hers' Association. 1.00 and Around Six, Weather, Nationwide. 1.47 News Headlines, Weather. South and West: 6.00-6.45 p.m. Points West, South Today, Spotlight South West, Weather, Nationwide. 11.47 News Headlines, Weather.

B.B.C.-2

11.00-11.20 a.m. Play School.

7.00 p.m. Teaching Adults. 7.30 Newsroom, Weather 8.00 Call My Bluff. 8.30 The Money Programme.

9.10 "This Happy Breed' Noel Coward, with Frank Finlay, Dandy Nicholls and Gillian Martell. East, 10.40 News Summary, Weather. 10.45 Line Up.

I.T.V.

2.25 p.m. Christmas Kitchen at Cordon Bleu. 3.25 More Best Sellers. 3.55 Face Of The Earth.

secretary-gegeral of the CPSA, which 'urged Africans to struggle for full citizen rights and to boycott elections to the NRC and to parliament' (p.

"The Boycott 579. M. Kotane, of Elections', 'Freedom', Vol.

6, No. 5, September-October, 1947). This time the Simons do not talk of the boycott, which Kotane took over from the NEUM and the so-called Trot- skyists, as a 'synonym for in- activity. At the ANC annual confer- ence in December 'the people .. called for a boycott' (p.

580). The Simons concede the enormous achievement of the NEUM in this single state- ment. The CP, on the other hand, though • supporting the boycott in January 1947, did so with an 'implied reservation' (p. 580). The 'reservation' was simply that the CP would break the boycott when it chose. And it did so, against the decision of the African people, even ac- cording to the Simons. The authors concede that in June 1947 the liberal Buchanan was 'elected in the teeth of a strong boycott movement' (p.

581), but make no mention of the fact that this boycott, as well as that against Molteno those against the CPSA and quislings who broke the boy- cott, was waged by the Non- European Unity Movement. The authors regard it as a sign they what call 'loyalty' that the CP refrained from contesting the election' in which Buchanan stood (p.

581). Such is their opinion of the 'loyalty' of the CP to the African people ! They justify the CP break- ing the boycott of what they themselves call 'a vicious of 582). They uphold the decision of the CPSA at its annual con- ference in January 1948 to work the Native Representa- tion Act-this 'vicious piece of racial discrimination'-by taking part in the fraudulent elections under the Act. ('Guardian', January 8, 1948.)

In November 1948 the CP candidate Sam Kahn was elec- ted, 'in the teeth of the boy- cott, as the first Communist Party Native Representative.

Kotane himself apologized for this betrayal, for it was other the none than same Kotane who had de- Moses clared 'anyone who stands for election as a Native Repre- sentative is a traitor to Africa' (NEUM sources, not quoted by the Simons). Kahn followed, in was October 1953 by CP Native Representative Brian Bunting and in April 1954 by CP Representative Ray Native Alexander (Mrs H. J. Simons, co-author of 'Class and Colour in South Africa, 1850-1950').

The only possible conclusior o draw from the book as a the Communist history of Party of South Africa is, in- deed, that from its inception banning in 1920, to 1950, it was, and remains, in the words of its secretary- general, Moses Kotane, to Africa'. traitor by the Teachers' League of South Africa 4.15 News Headlines. 4.17 Diane's Magic Theatre. 4.30 Crossroads.

4.55 Bugs Bunny. 5.20 Magpie.

5.50 News. 6.03 Today. 6.35 Peyton Place. 7.05 The Thursday Film: 'Hell and High Water', with Widmark Richard and Bella Darvi. Cold-war com- munist plots. 9.00 Dave King Show. 9.30 This Week. 10.00 News At Ten. Cinema. Alfred Hitchcock, 10.30 John Barry, John Schlesinger, Bryan Forbes, Stanley Donen and Ken Annakin choose their favourite clips and talk about their work. 11.00 I Spy. 11.55 A Question Of Human Rights. by All independent channels as London ITV except at following times:

CHANNEL:

11.00-12 noon Schools. Birthday Greetings. .45 p.m Puffin's 50 The Flaxton Bov 6.00 Channel News and Weather. 6.10 Police File. Roundup. 6.35 6.15 Channel Sports Raiser 7.05 Crossroads. 7.00 Curtain The Thusiah Paulette Film: 'Charge Of The Lancers' Goddard and Lean-Pierre Aumont. Place.

8.30 This Is Your 11.00 Peyton 11.50 News Life. and Weather In French, Weather.

SOUTHERN: 2.25-3.25 p.m. Christmas Kitchen. 4.00 4.15 News Houseparty.

WORKERS' PRESS

THE REAL reason why the Wilson government does not stop the Spring- bok Rugby and tour anti-tour demon- arrests strators in large numbers, is because it represents a capitalist class which has deep and extensive investments and interests stakes in the rest of Africa extensions of the British in South Africa. economic empire in South These interests form the Africa. inside the other hand, foundation, the On very econ- and beyond South Africa, lie omic basis, of all the apartheid investments of giant British laws and the whole police and international capitalist 'monopolies' which operate all state. over the capitalist world.

The Wilson government rep- Some clear examples of this resents the real power behind have appeared lately in public.

than apartheid, no less any One of these is the Novem- Tory government. ber 'nationalization' law of the Whatever it against says 'new' Libyan government. The it does apartheid, nothing legalization, other is the as about it for the simple reason from January 1, 1970, of what that apartheid was largely a Kaunda, President of Zambia, British and capitalist creation of the 'nationalization' calls is supported by British capital, the copper mines. in whose interests it functions One of the concerns affected all the time. by the Libyan law is Barclays

DCO.

* The

'DCO'

stands for 'Dominion, Colonial and Over- Without British and other topical reminder of imperialist capital South seas'- the fact that the real British Africa there would not be Empire is not yet dead. Bar- apartheid. clays has no fewer than 1,670 Since the Wilson government branches in 41 countries, in- is fundamentally an imperialist cluding South Africa and government, natural for It is 'independent' it to uphold apartheid in prac- African many tice. states. For apartheid is the cement There it helps to finance the of British capitalism in South 'development' of Africa, parti- Africa. cularly in mining and agricul- has This emphasis is one of This capital its main ture. the for the weight in Africa concentrated main reasons 'under development' of Africa overwelmingly in South Africa.

Many books can and indeed by imperialism. Another firm affected in should be written about this. Apart from a Petroleum, few countries, Libya is British some of the heaviest British which was reported to have of perfec- THE PROBLEM of the based degrees tion, starting with man as origin of life is apparently nearest the angels and going verv easily stated; at one on to less perfect models of time there existed noth- the divine blueprint. The of Darwin's success ing more complex than an theory of evolution changed all ordinary inorganic chemi- that. It was felt more appropriate cal, heated to possibly simplest to begin with the several thousand degrees of life and then forms TO at the end centigrade : procede to the higher and evolved species in the there is the whole panor- more evolutionary tree. ama of the multiplicity of of However, the question living organisms covering where to begin still remained.

the world and possibly With Darwin's discoveries, the possibility of spontaneous spreading other to All generation was ruled out.

planets. of this The resolution

BY MARTIN

problem is not to be found abstract philosophizing, in but in the detailed analysis of objective processes. is precisely the big was ordered by inheritance. If advances in astronomy, could geology, chemistry, physics and primitive germ "ine postulated, then biology that have made it somehow be would possible for scientists to ask all life follow by the the correct questions in this action of natural selection.

dealt field and to begin to fill in the Pasteur's researches details. further blows at spontaneous For, after all, what is in- generation by revealing that volved is the self-movement of fermentation and putrefaction matter over a period of some due to germs in the air were and that decay could be pre- 4,000 million years, which of sealed be comprehended and vented by the use must vessels and disinfectants.

disentangled from any taint of had to mysticism and the super- Any real advance natural. await the time when the essen- Two hundred years ago, any tial chemical knowledge was book on natural history would available. begin Engels in with the cataloguing of Nevertheless of Nature' the living creatures most 'Dialectics written familiar 1870s and 1880s, had to mankind. such as in the the beasts, birds. fishes, and this to say: 'One be passing on to the less familiar, thing remains to done here: the such as the reptiles, insects, to explain origin of life from inorganic plants, etc. The general scheme was nature. • PATY Today. 645 I.as Hadleigh. 35h Crosroady: •Kim' Seat ver 455 ch. Cross dae except 4 4.29- Mrs Murr 8.57-7.00 Report. Muir. chen • 11.00 Tate Call. 111.05 Anglia Boys. 6.00 About Crossroads. Blackbeard 11. 00S a 11.30 Wee Willian 11.00 Survival. nes. 402 Survival. A.15 peewe Newe £250 million invested in Libya alone, in a pipeline, oil-wells and a terminal at Tobruk.

The latter was one of the many Libyan towns 'defended' by the 'Desert Rats' of Mont- prevent North gomery, to from being transferred Africa from . Anglo-French to German imperialism in the Second World War. Neither of these big British financial and investment in- stitutions were over-concerned by the 'nationalization' law.

Nor were Roan Selection Trust Mining Group or the Oppenheimer - led Anglo- the fo American Corporation, where independent' Zambian the government 'nationalized' In fact, both Roan them. Selection Trust and Anglo American declared on Novem- ber 14, 1969, that they agreed to the terms of the 'take-over'.

This was not difficult to understand. For there has been no 'take-over'. Nor has there been any 'nationalization', not even in name. In the Libyan and Zambian examples, 'nationalization' is not ownership and control by the state. On the contrary, the state is to have only 51 per cent other words, 'ownership'. In the millions of inhabitants are to 'own' half (plus one per 'At the present stage of science that implies nothing less than the preparation of protein bodies from inorganic .. As soon substances. as the composition of the protein bodies becomes known, chemistry will be able to set about the preparation of living protein. that it 'But to demand should achieve overnight what nature itself succeeds in doing only under very favourable circumstances on a few cosmic bodies after millions of years, would be to demand a miracle.'

In all essentials, the Marxist method led Engels to the cor- rect conclusions. It is precisely the probing of the way in which the basic hereditary material functions and protein is built, which we explained briefly last week. yields the possibility of ex- plaining how these processes emerged at the very door of life itself. The impact of the develop- of biochemistry took ment some time to penetrate into the field of origins. Nevertheless, the growing knowledge that all life was chemically one, well as as genetically interrelated, led in 1924 to Oparin's theory. ideas Essentially the same were expressed independently in 1929 by J. B. S. Haldane.

Most modern (materialist) theories of the origin of life are based on this work by Oparin and Haldane and it is to J. D. Bernal's * exposition, elaborated in the light of sub- sequent developments that we turn for our outline. Bernal emphasises that this is an attempt to produce a plausible history of the origins of certain chemical-physical processes on the earth's sur- face at a stage when its gross physical features were much the same as they are today.

Such a history must reveal the working out of real material contradictions and incorporate all the relevant data available at the present of development in stage genetics, etc. To this extent, any history of the origin of life is provisional and will un- doubtedly be amended and refined as science advances.

* The Origin Of Life by J. D. Bernal; Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1967. The crucial test is whether additional knowledge leads to a development of theory, i.e.

a closer, more accurate, richer reflection of the objective pro- cess, or whether such data demands a drastic revision of the previous theory. The process itself divides naturally into three major stages-from atom to mole- cule, from molecule to polymer (molecule chain), from mole- cule to organism. Almost certainly life on earth originated in the oceans.

imperiali continue Libya d the oppr made to The t sation, the tune This 'half-sha US doll ably, be cent), while a handful of multi- heavier 1 millionaire finance capitalists For, i are to own an equal share (less Kenya one per cent). British Nor will the state control bankrupi Barclays, BP, Anglo-American which Trust. or Roan Selection capital a They will 'share' the control.

a way th And since these states are sub- becomes servient to the dominant the capi imperial masters abroad, real impoveri policy will continue, as before, pay it tr to be made abroad, or on the 'national spot by personnel selected at headquarters and not in Tripoli or Lusaka. The 51 per cent fraud of How 'nationalization' will not only (compen leave the crux of ownership Africa? and control in the hands of The co the foreign companies. gives th will also, by the very cerns al device of "sharing', give interest economic imperialism more semi-col immediate and direct entry The into and control over the state.

closely poly-fina It is not the state which will own and control. This It is imperialism which will finance-c and control - at least own colonial until it is ousted. That is, compact until it is expropriated by the Zambia's workers and peasants of the the fact 'independent' states. Zambia The fact is that, for example, groups the Zambian toilers, who earn also don wages one-tenth of those of totalitari British workers in Britain, will Africa. have to pay, through intensi- The fied super - exploitation and Zambia more direct and indirect taxes, positions for the 'nationalization'.

and cons is not enough that which ru Charles Darwin: His theory ruled out spon The first stage in its formation string -probably from water, order methane and ammonia-was sub-n the production of organic The molecules characteristic of ably lite such as the amino acids, nuclei the basic building blocks of cisive protein. the These are the constitutents replic 'primary soup' of the of the acteri Oparin-Haldane hypothesis.

Thi The energy for the syntheses of the of these basic substances Ho would be provided by radia- molec tion, either radioactivity or, molec more likely, ultra-violet light No from the sun. but 1 The present-day atmosphere could of the earth admits very little occur ultra-violet owing to the Suc presence of oxygen and we greatl must therefore assume that the Firstl original atmosphere contained prima no oxygen. and The presence of the gas of today is probably due to the miner development of plants at a on be later stage. Such atmospheres Sor without oxygen and composed would of methane and ammonia have areas been detected on the planets chem Jupiter and Saturn. This support for the Further chem theory was provided in 1953 prece by Miller. form By exposing mixtures of Th methane, ammonia and water of lil to various forms of electrical separ excitation, he was able to pre- proba duce definite molecules defini amino acids, sugar and vege- Th table • acids. brane The dependence of this prote water limits the process on possi type of planet on which life amen can originate. The temperature orgar must be between 10 and 40 single degrees centigrade for life to highe start and thrive and the planet Th must be large enough to pre- with vent evaporation of the water aries molecules. ture, In our planetary system only origir earth fully satisfies the neces- path sary conditions, but many By other planets must exist in subje other solar systems as possible gone candidates. Th Stage two in the process consists of the formation from with the constituents of the primi- living tive soup of more complex matte molecules, formed by the the s

PAGE THREE

lism has drained an es to drain Lambia o and newh masters. nsation) to Britain a id much mOr ompensation to be paid the additional fia co con- which aominated manate apartheid South asulutea capitailst cas rules over souln Alric ntaneous generation snot somethe or idlineat molecules hese polymers were prob the simniest torm eic acid and. at some di appeare e stage, mechanism aenuc e origin of life ow did the transition fror cule self-reproducins ecule take place? Berna chance evaporatio see molecules clusterin in estuaries. nical eaction took is a hypothetical of life which • Stage eaea any separate physic: i of organism in the origi formationhich ntal anisms trom the smalles le-celled bacterium to the the e above must be tentative much wna from non- iv ne connnes scientist's laboratory

PAGE FOUR

WORKERS PRESS

Meet Mr Lollipop in Leeds on Sat men

• FROM PAGE ONE

are meet the poposed cuts at January 4 onwards. be to drive thr By our Industrial correspondent WORKERS at the Leeds factory of Hoe Crabtree Ltd., who meet

PRESS

that thee see department today in the third week of their workers Morgan at official pay strike, face a number openly capsta every Crucible's Battersea, of serious questions. plant have London, By an industrial correspondent Treachery The 500 strikers at the been threatened with Agreement The union leaders' treachery factory - par the the introduction of an in reeing these Vickers group-are claim- c those с есте near in agai incentive bonus ing an all-round Z5s. in- reject all producti- railways but rate on the basic scheme drawn Licase nite Crabered's this means e and the completion of a SALT talks by the management ngaged in related work. productivity deal. Vickers group. One such deal was recently earlier this month. Bye Ones are hate more shop S stands claim s of rough. Their should Described by one worker hausted procedure since it their reling yo agreements negotiate a productivity sell the imitation of strategic control or Br Morgan's so the Helsino neto ved by AFTER a weak By an Economics reporter and carbon that agreeme Mr Wall Street brief rally, industry- The Wall Street decline "conunuous the fruits stock working of a kiln and four renlects a deep teeling of split again on Tuesday. The presses, snilts, tne 1970 Soviet for mely 6s. on the basic ease.

FEELING is running high between Dow-Jones pessimism industrial mannine or two Dresses ol or elear arms the ques. man say Kellogg amongst financiers and in kins by one man and a average fell 1•25 points, Trafford form ot penal clause for dustrialists. closing at 783•79, breakdowns in production.

chester that the Union une workers leading US econo said lowest level for three container cary ali torn of would b worse of

CORRECTION

years. basis Several Federahit aking change-over paymen. Yesterday's Press restrictions on credit. high-productivity* workers at t shop steward and other Coup ousts were sacked oiling a S5, but re Le produtions ast lose change-over 3 deal nute, the whole soup wal.

recognize of this The have been rein- stated. Then be rs have added thei dare from bond unless Workers would be expected governmen Anded rey man micins Not told A MILITARY coup ousted had the Dahomey government of who tases no ationt ion committee takes Dr Emile Zinsou yesterday Tha shoot told the Tuesday's Workers Press) Reg 5 or 82 al divisional strule o baimed terms of such a who claimed than they can earn at present.

been doors. o signed coet not formally export being palm pro- ined tot th of the the sch det. by a forelan correspondent ewarkers at Some of the me it have FIRST FRENCH reactions to the rapid progress The deal - fl and Nelsos mus Wright, Hearsey -was overwhelmingiv which rould of the West German-Soviet talks, which began ded: Productivi so and rans or operans on Monday, have been mixed.

of the national committee.

few years. pandatones tends to de- Gaullist regIme anitali se both coon mically ways prided itselt on its in- Midland unlate relations with the Soviet jeaders

KAPITALISY

bureaucracy, and Pompidou

- BOBBY -

Red garage Panthers has certainly hold that tradition, while stewards have as the same strengthening stops over Ere chied slates ties with French

FROM PAGE ONE

MOT

nyone else that stood in th firm. 14 Panches are on trial ot of

• FROM PAGE ONE

lives are ov a workers Fress reponer Brandt change of murdering a fellow-

MIDLAND

RED'S

Broms- a politicians by in the (Birmingham) 'Ralph Schoe man is over New pact Third paid a conductor's dismissal. Der Aurores headyi ine strike wich began o Before the Johnson Radley Soard of directors laid done becom reference Peace nearly all the buses operators. Brc nsgrove garage of the roa Thee is no question about °" The deputies r flirtation rithin two hour atta dedi his t in June 1968 Schoenman chairmar swollen It is obvious that the Soviet price structure . Conspiracy coord with Franc Seale's Isco color his his These under the cord one on US credito test Serial serve as Russell's November To semen. the himself, Seale was sen Yet mine a palences the woul and militarily to Us imperi ticket. factories, court-room. recent state- on or ms Reming must have , days ago, still the Kremlir government and Why aks CERTAINLY grim reality, Th all-round uderstandom.

Coverer, rose by only i per Like has are Background your trial of the industrial deal's dangers methods Everything, * pints use highest le increas coming behind the fine talk to 1135 million bureaucracy and us imperial tim deal will be ct Heape rise for Weekly Agreement Therk in the interests de except Biling han

SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

vould like knowledgenot Bertran

PUBLIC MEETING

your remarks some eferences to the situation the reason wo res also l Czechoslovakia, persecution present, as deare at Wiltor In's visali to Nixon in ore And in wetiookates e pratical new year. Soviet intellectuals and the hat are ness w of othing must obstruct t Communist Party Congress progress imperialism

LETTER

WEATHER

alt reine no are al London bright pe ne in the éf tha e people of Vietnan again the Ci mana sent elerts, Maximum 6C (43F).

HOLBORN ASSEMBLY HALL

Italian teachers Midlands past six over the wind scha mal based on this " tech. hn's Mews off Northington Stre ite dear how it strike continues But the learest tube Chancery Lane Telecommun nes talks song Electrical, Lob-evaluation a de- Speaker: G. Healy (national secretary, Socialist Labour or drizzle lo beducee

THREE MILLION

signed League) continue net tight and establish Chairman: M. Banda (Editor, Workers Press) treacher Maximote te N35. will Curther increases. igher pay and benefits. nitial fact-finding pha Cloudy, some as or drizzle

BACK TO RED

Pres, Tea Claphan Re Worker sci duster, Wilton. come up 16 per cent. flexibility is discuassed."

E6ob Caban ta See, London maast heade rede North-West England: Cloudy to a Thursday, December 11, 1969 at the Young Socialists

GRAND XMAS

BAZAAR

Saturday December 13

CORN EXCHANGE

LEEDS

Doors open 12 noon

ATUA-YS

PUBLIC MEETINGS

Stop Wilson's visit to Washington

COVENTRY

Thursday, December 11 7.30 p.m. Willenhall Wood School Wallen ain

GLASGOW

Sunday, December 14 3 p.m. (mr. Merrian st undergro inderground

LEICESTER

Wednesday, December 17 ° D.M The Globet

NOTTINGHAM

Thursday, December 18 8 p.m. Heathple's Hall

CORBY

Monday, December 15 8 p.m. Tinderbox Room Candle brough stred dad with those who sanda revisionist Theeasant That spond che metery or Benoman he mons to Triday and our